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EC number: 207-353-1 | CAS number: 464-45-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 September 2013 - 19 September 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 % v/v saturated solution.
- Sampling method: Sampling was performed at the beginning of the experiment and thereafter 24-hour intervals
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: The test item was extracted from the ISO media by Hexane, and then the extracts were immediately subjected to GC analysis - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
Due to the fact, that the test item is poorly soluble in aqueous within the analytical method validation solution preparation method was assess to achieve the saturation concentration (study report 13/037-316AN). Based on these results, the test item was added into ISO media using 100 mg/L test item loading rate. This mixture was stirred vigorously for 4 hours at 20°C degree in tightly closed vessel in order to minimize losses due to evaporation. After 4 hours of equilibration, the mixture was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, the mixture was poured into a separatory funnel and the undissolved test item was separated from the saturated solution. Test solutions of lower test concentrations were prepared by appropriate dilution of this stock solution. During the analytical method validation the saturation concentration was found to be: 46.2 mg/L (for a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L). - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Source: National Institute of Public Health. 1097 Budapest Gyáli u. 2-6. Hungary
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Less than 24 h old
- Feeding during test: No
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: There was no acclimatization because the water used was similar to the culture water - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 249 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20.3 – 20.7 °C
- pH:
- 7.54 – 7.88
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.4 – 7.6 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 % v/v saturated solution.
Measured concentrations (geometric means): 2.15; 4.80; 10.04; 21.01 and 37.26 mg/L. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks with stopper.
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed to minimize the loss of the substance from solution.
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL
- Aeration: No.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water (ISO medium, according to OECD 202)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No.
- Photoperiod: 16-hour light and 8-hour dark cycle
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
The immobility or mortality of the Daphnia was determined by visual observation 24 and 48 hours after the start of the test. Those animals not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test beaker are considered to be immobile.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2.0
- Range finding study (1): Open vessels, Ten daphnids (2 replicates); 48 h exposure
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 % v/v saturated solution.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Immobilized daphnids: 10/0; 10/0; 10/0; 10/0 and 10/3 respectively.
- Range finding study (2): Closed vessels, Ten daphnids (2 replicates); 48 h exposure
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 % v/v saturated solution.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Immobilized daphnids: 10/0; 10/1; 10/0; 10/0 and 10/10 respectively. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate is tested at least twice a year to demonstrate satisfactory test conditions.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 14.85 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 12.34 – 17.87 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Other biological observations: Other adverse effects could not be observed during the experiment.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Potassium dichromate is tested at least twice a year to demonstrate satisfactory test conditions. The date of the last study (Study Code: 13/223-023DA) with reference item Potassium dichromate (batch no.: 0769128) is: 16-17 July 2013. The 24h EC50: 0.82 mg/L, (95 % confidence limits: 0.76 – 0.87 mg/L)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24 and 48 hours EC50 values were determined by Probit analysis with 95 % confidence limits using TOXSTAT software. For the determination of the LOEC and NOEC, the immobilization at the test concentrations was tested on significant differences to the control values by Dunnett’s Test using TOXSTAT software. The 48 hours EC100 values were determined directly from the raw data.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (no immobilized animal in control, dissolved oxygen concentration at the end ot the test > 3 mg/L)
- Conclusions:
- The 48h-EC50 was determined to be 14.85 mg/L in Daphnia magna (based on mobility) in a static closed system.
- Executive summary:
An acute immobilisation test on Daphnia magna was performed in accordance with EU Method C2 and OECD 202. Based on preliminary range-finding test, 20 daphnids (5 per replicate) were exposed to nominal concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 % v/v saturated solution over an exposure period of 48 hours in a closed static system. The corresponding geometric mean test item concentrations were 2.15; 4.80; 10.04; 21.01 and 37.26 mg/L. The difference between the nominal concentrations and the measured concentrations were due to the low solubility of the test item. The immobility or mortality of the Daphnia was determined by visual observation 24 and 48 hours after the start of the test. The stability of the test item in the biological system varied between 85-100%. All validity criteria were met during this study. Under the conditions of this test, the 48h-EC50 was determined to be 14.85 mg/L in Daphnia magna (based on mobility) in a static closed system.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The analogue substance dextro alpha fenchyl acetate undergoes rapid hydrolysis to acetic acid and dextro alpha fenchyl alcohol which shares the same functional groups with the substance L-borneol and also has comparable values for the relevant molecular properties.
See attached the reporting format. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 11.67 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- other: Read-across from an analogue
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: read-across from an analogue for which EC50 (48 h) = 14.85 mg/L
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Based on the read-across approach from the analogue fenchyl acetate, the 48h-EC50 of L-borneol was determined to be 11.67 mg/L in Daphnia magna (based on mobility) in a static closed system.
- Executive summary:
An acute immobilisation test on Daphnia magna was performed on fenchyl acetate in accordance with EU Method C2 and OECD 202. Based on preliminary range-finding test, 20 daphnids (5 per replicate) were exposed to nominal concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 % v/v saturated solution over an exposure period of 48 hours in a closed static system. The corresponding geometric mean analogue substance concentrations were 2.15; 4.80; 10.04; 21.01 and 37.26 mg/L. The difference between the nominal concentrations and the measured concentrations were due to the low solubility of the analogue. The immobility or mortality of the Daphnia was determined by visual observation 24 and 48 hours after the start of the test. The stability of the analogue in the biological system varied between 85-100%. All validity criteria were met during this study. Under the conditions of this test, the 48h-EC50 was determined to be 14.85 mg/L. Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and the 48h-EC50 of L-borneol in Daphnia magna (based on mobility) was determined to be 11.67 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Number and percentage of immobilised animals:
Concentration |
Number of treated animals |
Immobilised animals |
||||
Nominal % v/v |
Measured mg/L |
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||
Number |
Percent |
Number |
Percent |
|||
Control |
0.0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6.25 |
2.15 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12.5 |
4.80 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
10.04 |
20 |
2 |
10 |
5* |
25 |
50 |
21.01 |
20 |
6* |
30 |
14* |
70 |
100 |
37.26 |
20 |
20^* |
100 |
20* |
100 |
* : statistically significantly different compared to the control values (Dunnett’s Test; α = 0.05)
Concentration of the test solutions:
Nominal % v/v |
Measured test item e, mg/L |
Stability % |
||
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
||
Control |
Not detected |
Not detected |
Not detected |
- |
100 |
42.2 |
34.39 |
35.65 |
85 |
50 |
21.25 |
22.03 |
19.81 |
93 |
25 |
10.18 |
10.48 |
9.50 |
93 |
12.5 |
4.72 |
4.94 |
4.73 |
100 |
6.25 |
2.15 |
2.27 |
2.04 |
95 |
The difference between the nominal concentrations and the measured concentrations were due to the low solubility of the test item.
The stability of the test item in the biological system varied between 85-100%.
The biological results are based on the measured geometric mean concentrations.
The 24h EC50 value: 21.10 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 17.75 – 25.09 mg/L)
The 48h EC50 value: 14.85 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 12.34 – 17.87 mg/L)
The 48h EC100 value: 37.26 mg/L
The 48h No-Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC): 4.80 mg/L
The 48h Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC): 10.04 mg/L
Description of key information
Key study: Read-across approach. Test method EU method C2, OECD 202. GLP study. Based on the read-across approach, the 48h-EC50 of L-borneol was determined to be 11.67 mg/L in Daphnia magna in a static closed system.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 11.67 mg/L
Additional information
Key study: Read-across approach. An acute immobilisation test on Daphnia magna was performed on fenchyl acetate in accordance with EU Method C2 and OECD 202. Based on preliminary range-finding test, 20 daphnids (5 per replicate) were exposed to nominal concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 % v/v saturated solution (corresponding measured geometric means 2.15; 4.80; 10.04; 21.01 and 37.26 mg/L) over an exposure period of 48 hours in a closed static system. The 48h-EC50 was determined to be 14.85 mg/L. Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and the 48h-EC50 of L-borneol in Daphnia magna (based on measured concentration and mobility) was determined to be 11.67 mg/L.
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