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EC number: 227-534-9 | CAS number: 5873-54-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Vapour pressure
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 104 (Vapour Pressure Curve)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- effusion method: Knudsen cell
- Temp.:
- 70 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 0.003 hPa
- Temp.:
- 40 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 0 hPa
- Temp.:
- 28.35 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 0 hPa
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 0 hPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: extrapolatwed value
- Executive summary:
Executive summary for all 6 MDI`s
The vapour pressures of six different BASF methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) based or MDI-modified substances were investigated in this summary of 6 reports.
The MDI-based substances were commercially available samples of BASF products: 4,4’-MDI (CAS 101-68-8 , EC 202-966-0), MDI mixed isomers (MI; CAS 26447-40-5, EC 905-806-4; mixture of 4,4’-MDI and 2,4’-MDI) and polymeric MDI (PMDI; CAS 9016-87-9, EC n/a; based on 4,4'-MDI containing oligomers of high functionality and isomers with an typical average functionality of 2.7; viscosity at 25 °C of approx. 200 mPa*s).The MDI-modified substances are commercially available BASF “Prepolymers”: MDI-DPG (modified 4,4’-MDI with dipropylenglycole; CAS n/a, EC 701-041-3), MDI-BD/DEG/PD (modified 4,4’-MDI with butadiole, dietehylenglycole and propanediole; CAS 158885-29-1, former EC 500-415-1, new EC 701-276-1) and MDI homopolymer (polymerized 4,4’-MDI; CAS 25686-28-6, EC 500-040-3). All investigated substances contain a significant amount of free 4,4’-MDI (m-MDI).
The following table shows the proportion by weight of monomeric MDI in
the test substances:Test substance 4,4-MDI MDI mixed isomer PMDI MDI-DPG MDI-BD/DEG/PD MDI-Homopolymer m-MDI ca. 100 % ca. 100 % ca. 40 % ca. 50 % ca. 60 % ca. 75 % For measuring the vapour pressures the effusion method with a Knudsen cell was used according to the procedure of OECD 104. The method is based on the estimation of the mass of test substance flowing out per unit of time of a Knudsen cell in the form of vapour, through a rnicro-orifice under ultra-vacuum conditions. The mass of effused vapour was obtained by determining by means of the temporal mass loss of the test item at a constant temperature generated in a Knudsen cell under vacuum. The vapour pressure was calculated by applying
the Hertz-Knudsen relation. Measurements were conducted from lower to higher temperatures to prevent excessive depletion of the most volatile compounds. For most of the samples, the measurements were conducted in the temperature range of 30 to 70°C.
The regression parameters of the Antoine equation are given in the substance data
measurement reports. Using this equation, the following vapour pressures can be
calculated (*values of 20°C are extrapolared values):Test substance 4,4-MDI MDI mixed Isomer PMDI MDI-DPG MDI-BD/DEG/PD MDI-Homopolymer vapour pressure at 20 °C (hPa) 7.04e-06 9.16e-06 4.05e-06 6.47e-06 5.93e-06 5.38e-06 vapour pressure at 40 °C (hPa) 8.11e-05 1.08e-04 3.78e-05 6.18e-05 6.73e-05 6.20e-05 vapour pressure at 70 °C (hPa) 1.86e-03 2.52e-03 6.60e-04 1.11e-03 1.51e-03 1.42e-03 These “Prepolymers” should better be described as “Mixtures of MDI Monomers with small amounts of some larger monomers” having a molecular weight below 1000 g/mol. The total monomer contents of the investigated substances start with approx. 40% (w/w) and increase to 100 % (w/w). The monomer 4,4’-MDI is always the major component in all MDI based products, except in PMDI, which reveals besides considerable 3 ring monomers, some higher oligomers, larger than the 4 ring moieties. PMDI therefore has the lowest vapour pressure of all MDI compounds. For the “MDI-Prepolymers” it must be stated: The 4,4’-MDI
monomer is always the key molecule with a concentration for all REACH registered substances around 50% (w/w) and above.
The 2,4’-MDI monomer is in the substances either not present or only at a much lower concentration. The majority of the constituents, the so called “higher oligomers”, are just simple diol-MDI adducts, having a molecular weight below 1000 g/mol and < 1500 g/mol respectively, depending on the used diol. The MDI mixed isomers contain both, the 4,4’-MDI and the 2,4’- MDI to each 50% (w/w).
The measured vapour pressures are completely in line with the composition of MDI-modified “Prepolymers”. From the regression parameters of the Antoine equation given in the substance data measurement reports, vapour pressures can be calculated for 4,4’-MDI as well as for MDI mixed isomers. By means of the Raoult law the vapour pressure of 2,4’-MDI can be estimated
mathematically, since the proportion of 4,4’-MDI and 2,4’-MDI is known from the composition of the used MDI mixed isomers substance sample. The partial pressure of the 2,2’-MDI is neglected due to its low proportion.
At a temperature of 40°C a vapour pressure of the respective test substance without heavy boiling components is calculated by means of the Raoul law by normalising the content of 2,4’- MDI and 4,4’-MDI in the test substance to 1 and calculating the respective partial pressures by means of the pure substance vapour pressure of the corresponding MDI multiplied by the weight component of the corresponding MDI, since the substance quantity component is not
accessible. Due to the very low proportion of 2,2’-MDI in the test substance, this partial pressure fraction is neglected. The vapour pressures of the test substances calculated in this way represent a reference pressure which the test substance would have without the influence of the heavy boilers. The ratio of the vapour pressure calculated at the same temperature from the regression parameters of the Antoine equation of the measurements to this reference
pressure shows the influence of the respective heavy boilers on the reduction of the vapour pressure. Only for MDI mixed isomers was the vapour pressure of the 4.4-MDI calculated from the regression parameters of the Antoine equation of the measurement chosen as the reference pressure in order to demonstrate the influence of the 2,4’-MDI.Test substance 4.4-MDI MDI mixed Isomer PMDI MDI-DPG MDI-BD/DEG/PD MDI-Homopolymer Reference pressure (hPa) 8.11e-05 8.11e-05 8.63e-05 8.17e-05 8.94e-05 8.47e-05 Vapour pressure 40 °C (hPa) 8.11e-05 1.08e-04 3.78e-05 6.18e-05 6.73e-05 6.20e-05 Ratio 1.00 1.33 0.44 0.76 0.75 0.73
For all test substances other than 4,4’-MDI and 2,4’-MDI, the ratio of measured vapour pressure to reference pressure is less than one. In particular, PMDI and MDI homopolymers show an almost linear relationship between the ratio of measured vapour pressure to reference pressure and the proportion of free monomeric MDI in the test substance.
Reference
All measured values im detail
Temperature (°C) | Vapour pressure (hPa) |
28.35 | 2.57e-05 |
38.30 | 2.62e-05 |
44.05 | 1.86e-04 |
58.50 | 8.00e-04 |
73.30 | 3.35e-03 |
The values at 20, 40 and 70 °C were calculated with Antoine equation as follows:
ln(p/bar) =- 20,0233 - 11294,.64
/ (273, 15 + t)
(t] in °C
Description of key information
ll MDI substances have extremely low vapour pressures at room temperature (<0.01 Pa). Only special laboratories with highest precision could apply the mass-loss Knudsen effusion method for MDI substances at elevated temperatures from 30 to 90°C in order to extrapolate to room temperature. Due to this fact, measurements are difficult to perform and only the most reliable will be taken into account for assessment.
Substances of the ‘Monomeric MDI’ subgroup (4,4’-MDI, 2,4’-MDI, 2,2’-MDI and MDI Mixed Isomers) have the highest vapour pressure, ranging from 0.7 to 8.05 mPa at 20°C. All modified MDI substances of the subgroups ‘Oligomeric MDI’, ‘MDI reaction products with glycols’ and ‘MDI condensation products’ have lower values compared to the basic monomers they are made from.
The overall content of monomeric MDI isomers in all substances and the ratio of 2,4’-MDI and 4,4’-MDI are the main driver of air exposure (shown elsewhere) within the MDI category. Theoretical vapour pressure calculations support this hypothesis (see Chapter 1.3.2.2 of the Category Justification Document and supporting studies of Sadler 2019 cited there).
BASF (12016) used the mass-loss Knudsen effusion method which is the most applicable method for measuring the vapour pressure of the MDI substances and generated a huge data set for some MDI substances. This study is therefore rated with a Klimisch score of 1. A new study was performed (Gerbig and Jamin, 2018) using the same mass-loss Knudsen effusion method which is rated with a Klimisch score of 2 but with a smaller data set per substance. Both studies match in their results. A graph in the additional information illustrates the findings of both studies. The Chakrabarti formular fits also the newer results of Gerbig et al. 2018.
As the substance is based on MDI mixed isomer the BASF 2016 study (part of Gerbig and Jarmin, 2018) is used as key study for 2,4-MDI study as a read across. Therefore, the vapour pressure according to the study design of OECD Guideline 104 (Vapour pressure curve) using the effusion method in a Knudsen cell, which was extrapolated from the regression equation of MDI mixed isomer, is used here:
Vapour pressure at 20°C: 0.00092 Pa
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Vapour pressure:
- 0.001 Pa
- at the temperature of:
- 20 °C
Additional information
Another study was performed in 1995 by Fisk and Langner. The method used a spinning rotator, which implies higher uncertainty due to insuffisient degassing and possibly leading to higher vapour pressure values. Therefore the BASF 2016 was used as key as it used the Knudsen cell.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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