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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 234-454-8 | CAS number: 12004-35-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Immunotoxicity
Administrative data
Description of key information
Limited information characterizing specific investigations associated with exposure to the read-across substance nickel oxide in laboratory animals were identified.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Limited information characterizing specific investigations associated with exposure to the read across substance nickel oxide in laboratory animals were identified. Data were limited to two studies assessing immunotoxicity; no studies evaluating neurotoxicity or other investigations were identified. The two immunotoxicity studies both evaluated effects following inhalation of nickel oxide, one in rats and one in mice. Spiegelberg et al. (1984) examined the effects of NiO (unspecificed color) inhalation on alveolar macrophages and the humoral immune systems in Wistar rats following 4 weeks or 4 months of exposure. Based on effects of the size, number, and phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages in lung lavage samples, or altered antibody titers to sheep red blood cells (e.g., assessment of humoral immunity), the authors concluded that animals may become more prone to infections caused by bacteria or viruses following inhalation of NiO. They further commented that alveolar macrophages and the humoral immune system are potentially sensitive markers of detecting effects of NiO inhalation. Haley et al (1990) reported that inhalation of nickel compounds at occupationally relevant concentrations can result in significant alterations of pulmonary and systemic immune defenses in mice. These findings were based on effects to thymic weights, number of lung-associated lymph nodes, the number of nucleated cells, antibody-forming cells, and spleen cells, as well as phagocytic activity following 65 days of exposure. Collectively, these studies suggest that inhalation to NiO has potential to adversely impact systemic immune function in laboratory species.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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