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EC number: 602-941-8 | CAS number: 123560-48-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- December 18, 2007 - February 15, 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- Official Journal No. L 383 A, December 29, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Remarks:
- The test material concentration in the aqueous test medium was not determined due to its low water solubility (< 0.9 mg/L).
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- Macro nutrients (mg/L)
CaCI2 •2H20 293.80
MgSO4•7H20 123.30
NaHCO3 64.80
KCI 5.80
Na2SiO3•9H20 10.00
NaNO3 0.27
KH2PO4 0.14
K2HPO4 0.18
Trace elements (mg/L)
B 0.5000
Fe 0.2000
Mn 0.1000
Li, Rb and Sr 0.0500
Mo 0.0250
Br 0.0125
Cu and Zn 0.0063
Co and I 0.0025
Se 0.0010
V 0.0003
Macro nutrients (mg/L)
Na2EDTA • 2H20 2.50
Vitamins (µg/L):
Thiamine 75.00
B12 1.00
Biotin 0.75
- pH: 7.89
Preparation of the Test Item:
The test medium (reconstituted water and test material) was freshly prepared.
Therefore, the calibrated flask with test material and vehicle, reconstituted water, was treated in an ultrasonic device for 1 hour. Subsequently the preparation was aerated, and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for further 23 hours. The formulation was then passed through a single use syringe filter (pore size 0.2 µm) The filtrate was used for the study. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Species: Daphnia magna Straus
Culture conditions: The Daphnia magna were kept in reconstituted water in glass-vessels. The study was located in an air-conditioned room. Lighting was controlled by a timer to provide a 16 hours light - 8 hours dark regime. Temperature and humidity in the experimental room was measured. At the start of the experimental phase 5 Daphnia magna were introduced in each test vessel containing 10 mL reconstituted water with or without test material. The vessels were open. The test medium was freshly prepared before the introduction of the young Daphnia magna. The Daphnia magna were not fed, and the test medium was not aerated during the test.
Feeding: The parental daphnids are fed ad libitum with unicellular green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus.
Age: Offspring less than 24 hours old were used for the study.
Acclimation period: same as test
Feeding during test: No - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- 21 °C
- pH:
- 7.80 - 7.99
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 94.2 - 95.4 %
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal 100 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- EXPOSURE:
The study was performed in an air-conditioned room. For the study glass vessels containing at least 10 mL either reconstituted water (control group) or test medium (test item group) were used. Each test vessel contained five daphnids. They were not fed and the media were not aerated during the exposure.
The test was performed as a static test in open vessels.
The duration of exposure was 48 hours. During the exposure period, the mobility of the daphnids was assessed daily, i.e. after 24 and 48 hours.
NO. OF DAPHNIDS:
Control Group: 20 daphnids
100 mg/L: 20 daphnids
CONCENTRATION(S)
In a pre-test no immobilization was observed at a concentration of 100 mg/L under open static conditions. Therefore, the solution of a nominal test item concentration of 100 mg/L was tested in the present study.
For the control, reconstituted water (ELENDT M4 medium) was used.
VEHICLE
Reconstituted water (ELENDT M4 medium) was used as vehicle.
For details on composition please refer to "Details on test solutions".
- pH: 7.89
- O2-Concentration: 95.4 %
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 48 h
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light / 8 h dark
References:
ELENDT, B.-P. Selenium deficiency in Crustacea. An ultrastructural approach to antennal damage in Daphnia magna Straus. Protoplasma 154, 25-33, 1990 - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Remarks:
- No positive control used in this study. The accuracy and reliability of the test method is demonstrated periodically as recommended by guidelines with potassium dichromate.
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Water solubility < 0.9 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: Water solubility < 0.9 mg/L
- Details on results:
- An aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no aquatic toxicity in the test system. The 48 hour EC50 for Daphnia magna exceeded the maximum solubility of the test material in reconstituted water (< 0.9 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this test.
- Behavioural abnormalities: no
- Other biological observations: no
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: no
- Abnormal responses: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: yes
The EC50 values with the 95 % confidence intervals:
24 h EC50 0.95 (0.87 – 1.04) mg/L
48 h EC50 0.74 (0.68 – 0.81) mg/L
Conclusions
The test material Potassium dichromate showed a 24 h EC50 value which was within the range of the published data of 0.6 to 2.4 mg/L (c.f. DIN EN ISO 6341).
This study confirms the sensitivity and reliability of the test system used in the laboratory. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- An aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no aquatic toxicity in the test system. The 48 hour EC50 for Daphnia magna exceeded the maximum solubility of the test material in reconstituted water (< 0.9 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this test.
- Executive summary:
Study Design
The objective of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of the test material using Daphnia magna. This study was performed according to GLP and the methods applied were fully compliant with OECD TG 202.
For this purpose, juvenile Daphnia magna were exposed to an aqueous test material solution over 48 hours, under defined conditions. The study comprised of four test vessels per concentration containing five Daphnia magna each, i.e. 20 Daphnia magna per concentration (test medium group) and control group.
Daphnia magna were exposed to a nominal test material concentration of 100 mg/L (limit test) in an open static system.
Results
After exposure of Daphnia magna to a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L for 48 hours, the following results were obtained:
Nominal concentration
[mg/L]No. of Daphnia magna immobilized / exposed
24 hours
48 hours
0
0/20
0/20
100
0/20
0/20
Daphnia magna exposed to an aqueous preparation of the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L of the test item were not affected.
The test material concentration in the aqueous test medium was not determined due to its low water solubility (< 0.9 mg/L). Because of the low water solubility, the compound cannot be detected with standard analytical methods. The development of an analytical method with a sufficiently low detection and quantification limit is complex. Due to the absence of any adverse effects at the saturation concentration, the study was performed without analytical concentration verification.
For the test material the following nominal EC50values for Daphnia magna were determined:
24 h EC50 > 100 mg/L
48 h EC50 > 100 mg/L
No effect on the mobility of the daphnia was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L.
Conclusion
An aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no aquatic toxicity in the test system. The 48 hour EC50 for Daphnia magna exceeded the maximum solubility of the test material in reconstituted water (< 0.9 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this test.
Reference
Description of key information
An aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no aquatic toxicity in the test system. The 48 hour EC50 for Daphnia magna exceeded the maximum solubility of the test material in reconstituted water (< 0.9 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this test.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- > 100 mg/L
Additional information
Study Design
The objective of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of the test material using Daphnia magna. This study was performed according to GLP and the methods applied were fully compliant with OECD TG 202.
For this purpose, juvenile Daphnia magna were exposed to an aqueous test material solution over 48 hours, under defined conditions. The study comprised of four test vessels per concentration containing five Daphnia magna each, i.e. 20 Daphnia magna per concentration (test medium group) and control group.
Daphnia magna were exposed to a nominal test material concentration of 100 mg/L (limit test) in an open static system.
Results
After exposure of Daphnia magna to a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L for 48 hours, the following results were obtained:
Nominal concentration | No. of Daphnia magna immobilized / exposed | |
24 hours | 48 hours | |
0 | 0/20 | 0/20 |
100 | 0/20 | 0/20 |
Daphnia magna exposed to an aqueous preparation of the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L of the test item were not affected.
The test material concentration in the aqueous test medium was not determined due to its low water solubility (< 0.9 mg/L). Because of the low water solubility, the compound cannot be detected with standard analytical methods. The development of an analytical method with a sufficiently low detection and quantification limit is complex. Due to the absence of any adverse effects at the saturation concentration, the study was performed without analytical concentration verification.
For the test material the following nominal EC50values for Daphnia magna were determined:
24 h EC50 > 100 mg/L
48 h EC50 > 100 mg/L
No effect on the mobility of the daphnia was observed at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L.
Conclusion
An aqueous solution of nominal 100 mg/L of the test item revealed no aquatic toxicity in the test system. The 48 hour EC50 for Daphnia magna exceeded the maximum solubility of the test material in reconstituted water (< 0.9 mg/L) and, thus, could not be determined in this test.
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