Anthracene oil, anthracene-low

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

23 Feb. – 18 Mar. 2009

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2009

Report date:

2009

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

closed system

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils

EC Number:

292-607-4

EC Name:

Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils

Cas Number:

90640-86-1

IUPAC Name:

90640-86-1

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): anthracene oil (> 50 ppm BaP)
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): not applicable
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): not applicable
- Substance type: organic
- Physical state: liquid
- Stability under test conditions: WAF (water accommodated fraction) limited
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature, exclusion of light

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples for TOC-analysis were taken from separate vessels without daphnia at 0 h and 48 h
in order to assess the stability of exposure concentrations.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) prepared by stirring various amounts of the test item in Daphnia-medium
for 24 h with magnetic stirrers. The WAFs were prepared in closed glass beakers.
The beakers were equipped with a glass tube that allowed the separation of the water phase by siphoning.
The test loadings of anthracene oil were weighed on weighing scoops, that afterwards were placed into the glass beakers.
The beakers were then filled with Daphnia-medium.
Mixing was carried out at a speed that was slow enough not to cause dispersion or emulsification of the undissolved fraction
of the test item. To ensure this, the vortex developed at the surface by stirring was set at ~ 10 % of the water depth.
After stirring for 24 h, the WAFs were allowed to stand for 1 h before use to facilitate phase separation.
The test vessels were closed immediately following transfer of the WAFs.

- Differential loading: control, 2.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L
- Controls: without test material (blank; Daphnia medium)
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): none
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia
- Strain: --
- Source: origin German Environmental Ministry
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): =< 24 h
- Method of breeding: The animals are cultivated in a climate-controlled room (light/dark = 14 h/10 h; illumination: Gro-Lux fluorescent tubes).

- Feeding during test
- Food type: The animals are fed with algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

none

Test conditions

Hardness:

see data under "salinity"

Test temperature:

19.8 – 20.7 °C (20 °C ± 2 °C)

pH:

8.0 - 8.2 at 0, 24 and 48 h

Dissolved oxygen:

7.8 - 8.2 mg/L at 0, 24 and 48 h

Salinity:

The total of Ca- and Mg-ions was 2.5 mmol/L, the ratio of Ca/Mg was 4:1, the ratio of Na/K was 10:1.
The total alkalinity of the solution was 0.8 mmol/L, the pH-value was 7.8 ± 0.2.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L
measured as TOC:
Time [h] Control 2.5 mg/L 25 mg/L 100 mg/L (loading)
=================================================
0 0.8 0.8 1.7 2.8 mg/L (TOC of WAF)
48 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.9 mg/L (TOC of WAF)
==================================================
The oil-related TOC values were <0.5 mg/L (at 2.5 mg oil/L), 0.7 - 1 mg/L (at 25 mg oil/L) and 1.0 - 2.0 mg/L (at 100 mg oil/L).

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass beaker, 100 mL, test volume: 20 mL
- Aeration: none
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
- Total organic carbon: no data
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/L
- Ca/Mg ratio: 4:1
- Conductivity: no data
- Culture medium different from test medium: no


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
- Light intensity: no data, Gro-Lux fluorescent tubes


TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2 - 2.5
- Range finding study: based on previous daphnia study (open system)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Remarks:

(EL = effective loading)

Effect conc.:

22.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL100

Effect conc.:

ca. 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Remarks:

(No-observable effect loading rate)

Effect conc.:

5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LOELR

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

- Other biological observations: number of moults incipient reduction from >5 mg/L
- Immobilisation of control: 1/20
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: none
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: none

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Determination of the EL50 (EL= Effective Loading) was accomplished using Probit-analysis (Finney-method, lognormal distribution; confidence limit 95 %, significance level: p <0.05).

Any other information on results incl. tables

Immobilisation rate in dependence of time and loading rate, number of carapace moults, and

number of living animals trapped at the surface [number per total animals, %] (Report Tab. 3)

Control

2.5 mg/L

5 mg/L

10 mg/L

25 mg/L

50 mg/L

100 mg/L

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Number

[%]

Immobilisation 24 h

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

1/20

5

1/20

5

1/20

5

3/20

15

Immobilisation 48 h

1/20

5

2/20

10

2/20

10

3/20

15

12/20

60

13/20

65

19/20

95

Moults 48 h

16/20

80

15/20

75

13/20

65

10/20

50

10/20

40

6/20

30

6/20

30

Living animals at the surface 48 h

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

0/20

0

 

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

- Immobilisation in the control: 5 % (nominal value ≤ 10 %) - Dissolved oxygen in all vessels :>= 7.8 mg/L (nominal value >= 3 mg/L)