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Diss Factsheets

Environmental fate & pathways

Monitoring data

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
monitoring data
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
documentation insufficient for assessment

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Occurrence and profiles of organic sun-blocking agents in surface water and sediments in Japanese rivers and lakes
Author:
Yutaka Kameda, Kumiko Kimura, Motonobu Miyazaki
Year:
2011
Bibliographic source:
Environmental Pollution 159, 1570-1576

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
no guideline required
GLP compliance:
no
Type of measurement:
other:
Remarks:
occurrence and profiles
Media:
other: surface water and sediments

Test material

Specific details on test material used for the study:
following UV light stabilizer (UVLS) were investigated:
- 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole (UV-P)
- 2-(5-Chloro-2-benzotriazolyl)-6-tert-butyl-p-cresol (UV-326)
- 2,4-Di-t-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol (UV-327)
- 2-(20-Hydroxy-30,50-di-tert-amylphenyl) benzotriazole (UV-328)
- 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol (UV-329)
- 2,4-Di-t-butylphenyl-3,5-Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (UV-120)
- 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenol (UV-234)
- 2-(4,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-[(hexyl)oxy]-phenol (UV-1577)

Study design

Details on sampling:
Surface water and sediment samples were taken from rivers (22 sites), lakes (3 sites) and sewage treatment plat effluents (STPE) (4 sites) in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, in August and September 2008. Samples were collected from 29 sampling sites: 2 streams with direct inputs of domestic wastewater, 4 STPE, 6 rivers that have been heavily polluted by industrial and domestic wastewaters, 12 moderately contaminated rivers, 2 little contaminated rivers and 3 lakes as background sites. All samples were grab samples.

Results and discussion

Concentrationopen allclose all
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Conc.:
10 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Conc.:
7 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Conc.:
2 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Conc.:
16 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Conc.:
13 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Conc.:
9 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Conc.:
2 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-327
Conc.:
5 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-327
Conc.:
2 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-327
Conc.:
1 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-327
Conc.:
1 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
other:
Remarks:
UV-327
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-1577
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV1577
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-1577
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-1577
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-1577
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Conc.:
70 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Conc.:
62 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Conc.:
701 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Conc.:
152 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-234
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-234
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-234
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-234
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-234
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-120
Conc.:
1 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-120
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-120
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-120
Conc.:
1 other: ng/L
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-120
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in surface water (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Conc.:
15 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Conc.:
3.4 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Conc.:
1.3 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-P
Conc.:
1.3 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Conc.:
7.8 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Conc.:
0.8 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Conc.:
4.7 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Conc.:
1.8 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-326
Conc.:
1.2 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-327
Conc.:
4.7 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-327
Conc.:
0.5 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-327
Conc.:
2.4 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-327
Conc.:
0.9 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-327
Conc.:
0.7 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Conc.:
16 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Conc.:
26 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Conc.:
0.6 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-329
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-1577
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-1577
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-1577
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-1577
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Conc.:
102 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Conc.:
13 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Conc.:
117 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Conc.:
59 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-328
Conc.:
58 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV234
Conc.:
1 266 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-234
Remarks on result:
not determinable
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-234
Conc.:
99 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-234
Conc.:
47 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-234
Conc.:
39 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (background sites)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-120
Conc.:
18 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (streams)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Conc.:
1.1 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (STPE)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-120
Conc.:
1.3 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (heavily polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-120
Conc.:
0.8 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (moderately polluted rivers)
Key result
Country:
Japan
Location:
Saitama Prefecture
Substance or metabolite:
substance
Remarks:
UV-120
Conc.:
0.2 other: µg/kg
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Mean detected concentration in sediment (background sites)

Any other information on results incl. tables

Surface water:

The recovery ratios of all eighteen analyte samples ranged from 80 to 113%, except for UV-1577, which had a slightly higher recovery ratio. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 to 3.0 ng/L.

Sediment:

The recovery ratios of all compounds ranged from 70 to 125%. The LODs in the sediment samples were relatively low, ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 ng/g dry weight, except for UV-328. Procedural blanks showed UV-328 in each analysis. Therefore, the LOD of UV-328 was determined to be 10 ng/g dry weight.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
The study showed the occurrence and concentrations of UV light stabilizers (UVLS) in surface water and sediment from rivers, lakes, STPE and industrial wastewaters. UV-328 was the most dominant UVLS found in river and lake water and STPE. To a much lower extent UV-326 was also found. The compositions of UVLS in sediment were similar for the tested sampling sites. UV-328 and UV-234 accounted for 70 to 80% of the total contaminants identified in all sediment. UV-326 had a strong linear correlation between UV-327 as well as UV-328 in all sediment.
Executive summary:

The occurrence of UV light stabilizers (UVLS) were measured in water and sediment collected from 22 rivers, four sewage treatment plant effluents (STPE) and three lakes in Japan. Total UVLS levels ranged from N.D. to 4180 ng/L and to 1735 µg/kg dry wt in surface water and in sediment, respectively. UVLS were observed in all sediment and their compositions showed similar patterns, with UV-328 and UV-234 as the most prevalent compounds. Concentrations of UV-327 and UV-328 had strong correlation between those of UV-326 in sediment.