1-amino-4-hydroxy-2-phenoxyanthraquinone

Auto flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

relative self-ignition temperature (solids)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1999

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Test Methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristic of Dust, VDI 2263, 1990

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

The test was carried out according to DIN EN 45001

Remarks on result:

no self ignition observed under the test conditions

Remarks:

up to 350 °C

Differential thermal analysis

No exothermic reaction up to 350 °C.

The temperature determined as the start of an exothermic decomposition is suitable only as a basis or reference value and is not in all cases suitable to conduct a thermally safe process.

Conclusions:

The test article showed no exothermic reaction up to 350 °C

Executive summary:

The article was tested for autoflammability in Differential Thermal Analysis according to "Test Methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristic of Dust, VDI 2263, 1990: burning behavior," and DIN EN 45001. The test article showed no exothermic reaction up to 350 °C

Reference 2

Endpoint:

relative self-ignition temperature (solids)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1999

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Test Methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristic of Dust, VDI 2263, 1990

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

The test was conducted according to DIN EN 45001

Relative self-ignition temperature:

190 °C

Testing as per Grewer

The exothermic reaction as per Grewer started at 190 °C.

A temperature so determined depends upon the test method. Therefore it only serves as a reference and for comparison purposes. It cannot be used in all cases as the basis for conducting a safe thermal process. The oxidizing self-heating depends upon the sample size and the duration of the temperature exposure. Increased sample volume will result in auto-ignition at lower surrounding temperatures.

Conclusions:

The exothermic reaction of the article as per Grewer started at 190 °C

Executive summary:

The article was tested for autoflammability according to "Test Methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristic of Dust, VDI 2263, 1990" and according to DIN EN 45001. The sample was and a reference were heated at a rate of 0.5 K/min in an air stream of 20 l/h up to 350 °C. Following this, a fresh sample is heated at difference surrounding temperatures for a period of about 5 h.

The exothermic reaction of the test article as per Grewer started at 190 °C.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

relative self-ignition temperature (solids)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1999

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Test methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristic of Dust, VDI 2263, 1990: Hot storage test

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

The test was carried out according to DIN EN 45001

Remarks on result:

other: no significant thermal change at a storage temperature of 150 °C for 120 hours

Results

Storage temperature, °C	Size of test sample, ml	Beginning of exothermic reaction after a storage time of	Storage time up to reaction-maximum, h	Maximum temperature of sample, °C	Appearance and state of test sample after the test	Figure
162 149	400 400	Direct ---	8 ---	168 151	Red-brown powder Red-brown powder	1 2

Conclusions:

Not self-igniting

Executive summary:

The potential of the article to be auto-flammable was tested according to: 'Test Methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristic of Dust, VDI 2263, 1990: Hot storage test' and according to DIN EN 45001.

From a safety technology point of view, the article showed no significant thermal change at a storage temperature of 150 °C for 120 hours.

Therefore, the test article is considered as not auto-flammable.

Description of key information

Non self-igniting.

Additional information

Three tests were performed on the substance to examine its self-ignition potential: hot storage test, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and testing as per Grewer, according to "Test methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristic of Dust, VDI 2263, 1990" and to DIN EN 45001.

In the hot storage test, the article showed no significant thermal change at a storage temperature of 150 °C for 120 hours from a safety technology point of view.

In the Differential Thermal Analysis, no exothermic reaction occurred up to 350 °C. The temperature determined as the start of an exothermic decomposition is suitable only as a basis or reference value and is not in all cases suitable to conduct a thermally safe process.

The DTA graph showed no relevant peaks during the test, at all temperatures.

In testing as per Grewer, the exothermic reaction as per Grewer started at 190 °C. A temperature so determined depends upon the test method. Therefore, it only serves as a reference and for comparison purposes. The oxidizing self-heating depends upon the sample size and the duration of the temperature exposure. Increased sample volume will result in auto-ignition at lower surrounding temperatures.

Moreover, the substance is produced and regularly used for many years in Europe, transported in various conditions and in various amounts. Evidence connected to the long experience in handling, use and transport of the substance confirms the non self-ignition properties.

Thus, the substance is expected to be an air-stable compound at room temperature over a prolonged period of time (days), without noticeable or undesirable reactions. In conclusion, for the substance a potential for spontaneous ignition is not expected: the substance can be considered as a no-pyrophoric and no-self-heating solid because it is liable to self-heat by reaction with air and without energy supply.

No reactions with water or emission of flammable gases have ever been noted.

Therefore, the substance cannot be classified as a substance that in contact with water may react generating flammable gases.