p-nonylphenol

Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests

Administrative data

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data is from peer reviewed journal

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

BIODEGRADATION OF 4-NONYLPHENOL IN SEAWATER AND SEDIMENT

Author:

R. Ekelund,. Granmo, K. Magnusson, M. Berggren and Bergman

Year:

1993

Bibliographic source:

Environmental Pollution 79 (1993) 59-61

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: refer below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Biodegradation of 14C-labelled nonylphenol has been estimated by collection and quantification of the formed labelled carbon dioxide.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

p-nonylphenol

EC Number:

203-199-4

EC Name:

p-nonylphenol

Cas Number:

104-40-5

Molecular formula:

C15H24O

IUPAC Name:

4-nonylphenol

Test material form:

liquid: viscous

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): p-nonylphenol
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C15-H24-O
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 220.354
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): c1(ccc(O)cc1)CCCCCCCCC
- InChl (if other than submission substance): 1S/C15H24O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-14-10-12-15(16)13-11-14/h10-13,16H,2-9H2,1H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: viscous liquid

Radiolabelling:

yes

Study design

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

other: Sediment

Details on source and properties of surface water:

Details on collection (e.g. location: coastal area
sampling depth: below the halocline

Details on source and properties of sediment:

No data available

Details on inoculum:

No data available

Duration of test (contact time):

8 wk

Initial test substance concentration

Initial test substance concentration 1

Initial conc.:

1 other: liter

Based on:

other: seawater

Initial test substance concentration 2

Initial conc.:

50 other: ml

Based on:

other: sediment

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

other: Quantification of the formed labelled carbon dioxide.

Details on study design:

TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: 4-nonylphenol + seawater +sediment
- Additional substrate: No data available
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): Acetone
- Test temperature: 1 1° ± 2°C
- pH: 3 with sulphuric acid
- pH adjusted: yes
- CEC (meq/100 g): No data available
- Aeration of dilution water: No data available
- Suspended solids concentration: No data available
- Continuous darkness: Incubation occurs in darkness
- Other:

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 5 culture Erlenmeyer flasks
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: No data available
- Method used to create anaerobic conditions: No data available
- Measuring equipment: No data available
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: No data available
- Test performed in open system: No data available
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: No data available
- Other: No data available

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: one
- Sampling method: No data available
- Sterility check if applicable: No data available
- Sample storage before analysis: No data available
- Other: No data available

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: No data available
- Abiotic sterile control: No data available
- Toxicity control: No data available
- Other: No data available

STATISTICAL METHODS: No data available

Reference substance

Reference substance:

not specified

Results and discussion

Mean total recovery

Mean total recovery 1

Compartment:

other: water, material (mass) balance

% Recovery:

49

Mean total recovery 2

Compartment:

other: sediment, material (mass) balance

% Recovery:

51

% Degradation

% Degr.:

49

Parameter:

other: quantification of the formed labelled carbon dioxide

Sampling time:

8 wk

Remarks on result:

other: other details not known

Mineralization rate (in CO2):

46 other: %

Other kinetic parameters:

other: no data

Transformation products:

no

Details on transformation products:

From the flasks with sediment, 49% of the added activity was regained, 46% in the CO2 fraction and 3% in the organic solvent.

Evaporation of parent compound:

not specified

Volatile metabolites:

not specified

Residues:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The p-nonyl-phenol (104-40-5) was found to be 49% degradated in 8 weeks as 46% in the CO2 fraction and 3% in the organic solvent present.

Executive summary:

The biodegradation in water and sediment test were performed. 2 litres of Erlenmeyer flasks was taken and added 1 litre of seawater and 50 ml of sieved (1 mm) soft bottom sediment.

Half of the flasks containing seawater and sediment were bubbled with nitrogen gas for 15 min. An amount of 0.06 µCi¹⁴C-NP dissolved in acetone was added to each of a number of small glass plates and the solvent was evaporated at room temperature. One glass plate with¹⁴C-NP was added to each of the prepared E-flasks which were sealed and shaken vigorously. The N₂-bubbled flasks were not shaken. Samples were taken after 16 weeks. Four replicates of each kind, and the¹⁴CO₂formed, was collected and estimated. For this purpose the contents in the flasks were acidified to pH 3 with sulphuric acid, 1 ml of cod liver oil was added to prevent NP from evaporating and a jar containing 10 ml of 5 M KOH. The jar with KOH was then taken out and it was provided with a piece of ice and a smaller jar containing 2 ml of concentrated H₂SO_4.The KOH jar was placed in a bigger glass jar together with a scintillation vial 4 ml of Carbosorb. The glass jar was closed air-tight and shaken at 10°C for 4 h. To determine the recovery of ,¹⁴CO₂, about 0.004 µCi of¹⁴C-carbonate were added. The exchange of¹⁴CO₂was also determined from E-flasks which had been incubated for 8 weeks at +11°C in darkness after the addition of¹⁴C-carbonate.

 

The degradation rate in the presence of sediment and oxygen was high from the beginning and was half as rapid at very low concentrations of oxygen. The higher rate in the presence of sediment is due probably to the larger number of microorganisms, which increases the probability that bacterial cells able to degrade NP are present.

 

The p-nonyl-phenol (104-40-5) was found to be 49% degradated in 8 weeks as 46% in the CO₂fraction and 3% in the organic solvent present.