3-phenylpropionic acid

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

This study was designed to assess the toxic effects of the test compound on the ZEBRA FISH(Danio rerio) .Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes each. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. The experimental phase of the main study started at 27-02-2017 and lasted for a period of 96 hrs.

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- IUPAC name: 3-phenylpropanoic acid
- Molecular formula: C9H10O2
- Molecular weight: 150.176 g/mol
- Smiles: c1(CCC(O)=O)ccccc1
- InChI: 1S/C9H10O2/c10-9(11)7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5H,6-7H2,(H,10,11)
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: solid

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test substance was soluble in water. Therefore, the test solution was prepared by dissolving 400 mg of the test substance in 4 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with 1 hr
continuous stirring for achieving test concentrations of 100mg/L ,respectively.

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name:ZEBRA FISH
- Source:UNIQUE AQUARIUM, NAGPUR
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD):average 1.63 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD):0.1899g (average)

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period:7 days
- Type and amount of food during acclimation:Standard brand feed
- Feeding frequency during acclimation:Daily once
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed):During last 48 hours = 0

FEEDING DURING TEST
- Food type:Standard brand feed
- Frequency:Withdrawal of food 1 day before and during exposure

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

148.5 mg of CaCO3

Test temperature:

23.5 °C

pH:

7.15

Dissolved oxygen:

7.9 mg/l

Nominal and measured concentrations:

control and 100 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:The test vessels used were all plastic aquaria having the water capacity of 5liters.
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 2 liters
- No. of organisms per vessel:8 fishes

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod:16 hours light and 8 hours dark

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Mortality and symptoms:

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of fish		Mortality (cumulated) after
			3 h		6 h		24h		48h		72h		96h
			V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2
Control	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
100	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

 

Visible Symptoms:

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)

Number of fish

symptom (cumulated) after

3 h

6 h

24h

48h

72h

96h

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

Control

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

100

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

Explanation of symptoms:

A: apathy

N: Narcotic-like state

C: Swimming near water surface

M: Slow movements compared to control

NS: No abnormal symptoms

S: Surfacing behaviour

L: Loss of equilibrium

SM: Shimming movement

H1: Hyperactivity

H2: Hypo activity

B: Bending behavior

F: Fin rot

IS: Invert Swimming

SB: Swimming behaviour

RF: Respiratory Function

P: Pigmentation

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median lethal Concentrations [LC-50 (96 h)] for CAS No.501-52-0 on ZEBRA FISH(Danio rerio)was found to be >100 mg/L.

Executive summary:

Fish Acute Toxicity test according to OECD Guideline 203 was conducted for (test item name) 3-phenylpropionic acid The nominal concentration selected for the experiment were 100mg/Land test fish were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. The lethal concentrations LC50 was found to be >100 mg/L

LC0 (96 hours) (highest loading at which no mortality was observed) = No mortality was observed

LC50 (96 hours) Experimental = >100 mg/L

Description of key information

Fish Acute Toxicity test according to OECD Guideline 203 was conducted for (test item name) 3-phenylpropionic acid The nominal concentration selected for the experiment were 100mg/Land test fish were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. The lethal concentrations LC50 was found to be >100 mg/L

LC0 (96 hours) (highest loading at which no mortality was observed) = No mortality was observed

LC50 (96 hours) Experimental = >100 mg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

100 mg/L

Additional information

Three studies including those from experimental study and validated prediction for short term fish toxicity endpoint of target chemical 3-phenylpropanoic acid (Cas no. 501-52-0) were summarized as followed: 

 

First experimental key study by UERL laboratory; 2017 suggest the Fish Acute Toxicity test according to OECD Guideline 203 was conducted for 3-phenylpropanoic acid , The nominal concentration selected for the experiment were 100mg/Land test fish were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. The lethal concentrations LC50 was found to be >100 mg/L. No mortality was observed at 100 mg/l in 96 hrs exposure period thus LC0 was consider to be 100 mg/l.

Above aquatic classification supported by peer review journal (Spec.Sci.Rep.Fish.No.207, Fish Wildl.Serv., U.S.D.I., Washington, DC:157 p., 1957)which indicate the short term toxicity study to Petromyzon marinus was carried out for 24 hrs. Test was performed under static conditions. After exposure to test animal at dose conc.5 mg/l of test chemical 3-phenylpropanoic acid, no mortality effects were observed on fish. Thus, the NOEC value was consider to be 5 mg/l respectively.

Last study is prediction for target from EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.10 predicted model, indicate the 96 hours LC50 was estimated to be 683.315 mg/l on Fish for substance 3-phenylpropanoic acid (CAS no. 501-52-0) on the basis of mortality effects using neutral organics class for prediction. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the test chemical 3-phenylpropanoic acid can be considered as non toxic to fish at mentioned predicted lethal concentration thus it can be considered not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Thus based on all available studies for target gives the lethal concentration is in the range of 100-683.315 mg/l and NOEC was 5 mg/l concluded that the test chemical 3-phenylpropanoic acid (Cas no. 501-52-0) considered as non-toxic to fish and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP criteria.