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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: - | CAS number: 2495-39-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 88 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: see discussion
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 6
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 529 mg/m³
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 25 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: see discussion
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 24
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 600 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
DNEL derivation for Worker:
Inhalation route:
The DNEL for long-term inhalative exposure was derived from the NOAEL value (300mg/kg bw/d) from a 90 d repeated dose oral study in rats (BASF SE 2017) using route-to-route extrapolation. No adverse effects were observed up to the limit dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d for females whereas for males a NOAEL of 300mg/kg bw/d was derived based on slight effects. However, as a NOAEL value of 300 mg/kg bw/d in males is reflecting the highest value in repeated dose studies this value was used as a worst case assumption for risk assessment.
This value which was taken as relevant dose descriptor for long-term toxicity was modified in order to get the correct starting point for DNEL derivation:
According to RIP R.8 (ECHA, May 2008, Example R.8 -1, p. 65), the oral rat NOAEL was converted into the NAEC corrected for human inhalation-exposure conditions [1/standard Respiratory Volume (rat) for 8 h exposure, respiratory volume adapted for a worker with light activity] by multiplying with the corresponding factors (x 1/0.38 x 0.67). A default correction factor of 1 was used for Absorption (oral-rat)/Absorption (inhalation-human). The resulting corrected NAEC-worker (8h) for systemic effects was equal to 529 mg/m3/d.
Then the overall assessment factors were calculated based on recommendations given in ECETOC TR 86 (ECETOC, Feb 2003):
Assessment Factor for
Systemic effects
Intraspecies (worker)
3
Exposure duration (subchronic to chronic)
2
Dose-response
1
Quality of whole database
1
Overall assessment factor (AF)
6
NAEC
529 mg/m3/d
DNEL
88 mg/m3/d
---
Thus, the DNEL for long-term exposure was calculated to be NAEC/AF = 88 mg/m3.
The substance has an extremely low vapour pressure (0.000000284 Pa at 20°C). Therefore inhalation exposure to the vapor is not expected as the vapor saturation concentration is below 0.01 µg/m3. This concentration is well below the DNEL calculated by route-to-route extrapolation.
Dermal route:
The DNEL for long-term dermal exposure was derived from the NOAEL value (300mg/kg bw/d) from a 90 d repeated dose oral study in rats (BASF SE 2017) using route-to-route extrapolation. No adverse effects were observed up to the limit dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d for females whereas for males a NOAEL of 300mg/kg bw/d was derived based on slight effects. However, as a NOAEL value of 300 mg/kg bw/d in males is reflecting the highest value in repeated dose studies this value was used as a worst case assumption for risk assessment.
This value which was taken as relevant dose descriptor for long-term toxicity was modified in order to get the correct starting point for DNEL derivation:
According to RIP R.8 (ECHA, May 2008, p. 69), the oral rat NOAEL was converted into the NAEL corrected for human dermal exposure conditions by applying the factor for Absorption (oral-rat)/Absorption (dermal-human). A default correction factor of 2 was used for Absorption (oral-rat)/Absorption (dermal-human) as a very low dermal absorption potential is assumed. The resulting corrected NAEL-worker for systemic effects was equal to 600 mg/kg bw/d.
Then the overall assessment factors were calculated based on recommendations given in ECETOC TR 86 (ECETOC, Feb 2003):
Assessment Factor for
Systemic effects
Interspecies: allometric factor
4
Intraspecies
3
Exposure duration
2
Dose-response
1
Quality of whole database
1
Overall assessment factor (AF)
24
NAEL
600 mg/kg bw/d
DNEL
25 mg/kg bw/d
Thus, the DNELs for long-term exposure were calculated to be NAEL/AF = 25 mg/kg bw/d.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 26 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: see discussion
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 261 mg/m³
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 15 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: see discussion
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 600 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: see discussion
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
DNEL derivation for General population:
Oral route:
The DNEL for long-term oral exposure was derived from the NOAEL value (300mg/kg bw/d) from a 90 d repeated dose oral study in rats (BASF SE 2017) using route-to-route extrapolation. No adverse effects were observed up to the limit dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d for females whereas for males a NOAEL of 300 mg/kg bw/d was derived based on slight effects. However, as a NOAEL value of 300 mg/kg bw/d in males is reflecting the highest value in repeated dose studies this value was used as a worst case assumption for risk assessment.
Then the overall assessment factor was calculated based on the recommendations given in ECETOC TR 86 (ECETOC, Feb 2003):
Assessment Factor for
Systemic effects
Interspecies: allometric factor
4
Intraspecies (gen. population)
5
Exposure duration (subchronic to chronic)
2
Dose-response
1
Quality of whole database
1
Overall assessment factor (AF)
40
NAEL
300 mg/kg bw/d
DNEL
7.5 mg/kg bw/d
Thus, the DNELs for long-term exposure were calculated to be NAEL/AF = 7.5 mg/kg bw/d.
Inhalation route:
The DNEL for long-term inhalative exposure was derived from the NOAEL value (300mg/kg bw/d) from a 90 d repeated dose oral study in rats (BASF SE 2017) using route-to-route extrapolation. No adverse effects were observed up to the limit dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d for females whereas for males a NOAEL of 300 mg/kg bw/d was derived based on slight effects. However, as a NOAEL value of 300 mg/kg bw/d in males is reflecting the highest value in repeated dose studies this value was used as a worst case assumption for risk assessment.
This value which was taken as relevant dose descriptor for long-term toxicity was modified in order to get the correct starting point for DNEL derivation:
According to RIP R.8 (ECHA, May 2008, Example R.8 -1, p. 64), the oral rat NOAEL was converted into the NAEC corrected for human inhalation-exposure conditions of consumers (dividing by a factor of 1.15 m3/kg bw). The resulting corrected NAEC-worker (24h) for systemic effects was equal to 261 mg/m3/d.
Then the overall assessment factor was calculated based on the recommendations given in ECETOC TR 86 (ECETOC, Feb 2003):
Assessment Factor for
Systemic effects
Intraspecies (gen. population)
5
Exposure duration (subchronic to chronic)
2
Dose-response
1
Quality of whole database
1
Overall assessment factor (AF)
10
NAEC
261 mg/m3
DNEL
26 mg/m3
Thus, the DNELs for long-term exposure were calculated to be NAEC/AF = 26 mg/m3.
The substance has an extremely low vapour pressure (0.000000284 Pa at 20°C). Therefore inhalation exposure to the vapor is not expected as the vapor saturation concentration is below 0.01 µg/m3. This concentration is well below the DNEL calculated by route-to-route extrapolation.
Dermal route:
The DNEL for long-term dermal exposure was derived from the NOAEL value (300mg/kg bw/d) from a 90 d repeated dose oral study in rats (BASF SE 2017) using route-to-route extrapolation. No adverse effects were observed up to the limit dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/d for females whereas for males a NOAEL of 300 mg/kg bw/d was derived based on slight effects. However, as a NOAEL value of 300 mg/kg bw/d in males is reflecting the highest value in repeated dose studies this value was used as a worst case assumption for risk assessment.
This value which was taken as relevant dose descriptor for long-term toxicity was modified in order to get the correct starting point for DNEL derivation:
According to RIP R.8 (ECHA, May 2008, p. 69), the oral rat NOAEL was converted into the NAEL corrected for human dermal-exposure conditions by applying factor for Absorption (oral-rat) /Absorption (dermal-human). A default factor of 2 was used for Absorption (oral-rat)/Absorption (dermal-human) as a very low dermal absorption potential is assumed.
The resulting corrected NAEL general public for systemic effects was equal to 600 mg/kg bw/d.
Then the overall assessment factors were calculated based on recommendations given in ECETOC TR 86 (ECETOC, Feb 2003):
Assessment Factor for
Systemic effects
Interspecies
4
Intraspecies (gen. population)
5
Exposure duration (subchronic to chronic)
2
Dose-response
1
Quality of whole database
1
Overall assessment factor (AF)
40
NAEL
600 mg/kg bw/d
DNEL
15 mg/kg bw/d
Thus, the DNELs for long-term exposure were calculated to be NAEL/AF = 15 mg/kg bw/d.
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