Allyl butyrate

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: screening tests

Type of information:

calculation (if not (Q)SAR)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

The supporting QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The data is predicted using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with logKow as the primary descriptor.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (IUPAC name): 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate
- Common name: Allyl butyrate
- Molecular formula: C7H12O2
- Molecular weight: 128.17 g/mol
- Smiles notation: C(OCC=C)(CCC)=O
- InChl: 1S/C7H12O2/c1-3-5-7(8)9-6-4-2/h4H,2-3,5-6H2,1H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

other: Microorganisms

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Based on:

not specified

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

other: BOD

Key result

Parameter:

other: BOD

Value:

89.557

Sampling time:

28 d

Remarks on result:

other: Other details not known

Details on results:

Test substance undergoes 89.6% degradation by BOD in 28 days.

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: BOD
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 7 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((((((((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" )  and "e" )  and "f" )  and "g" )  and "h" )  and "i" )  and "j" )  and "k" )  and ("l" and ( not "m") )  )  and "n" )  and ("o" and ( not "p") )  )  and ("q" and ( not "r") )  )  and "s" )  and "t" )  and ("u" and "v" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom AND SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom AND SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Allyl acetates and related chemicals by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters AND Vinyl/Allyl Esters by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as days - weeks by Biodeg primary (Biowin 4) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Biodegrades Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 1) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Biodegrades Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 2) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Biodegrades Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 5) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Biodegrades Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 6) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Biodegrades Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 7) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as days - weeks by Biodeg ultimate (Biowin 3) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify according to these rules (GSH) by Protein binding potency

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Highly reactive (GSH) OR Highly reactive (GSH) >> Acrylates (MA) OR Moderately reactive (GSH) OR Moderately reactive (GSH) >> Substituted 1-Alken-3-ones (MA) OR Slightly reactive (GSH) OR Slightly reactive (GSH) >> Methacrylates (MA) by Protein binding potency

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Class 3 (unspecific reactivity) by Acute aquatic toxicity classification by Verhaar (Modified) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters AND Vinyl/Allyl Esters by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 16 - Oxygen O by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "r"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 15 - Nitrogen N by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "s"

Similarity boundary:Target: CCCC(=O)OCC=C
Threshold=20%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "t"

Similarity boundary:Target: CCCC(=O)OCC=C
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "u"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of Molecular weight which is >= 86 Da

Domain logical expression index: "v"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of Molecular weight which is <= 150 Da

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

The test chemical 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate was estimated to be readily biodegradable in water.

Executive summary:

Biodegradability of 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate (CAS no. 2051 -78 -7) is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with logKow as the primary descriptor. Test substance undergoes 89.6% degradation by BOD in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Description of key information

Biodegradability of 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate (CAS no. 2051 -78 -7) is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 (2017) with logKow as the primary descriptor. Test substance undergoes 89.6% degradation by BOD in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

readily biodegradable

Additional information

Various predicted data for the target compound 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate (CAS No. 2051-78-7) and supporting weight of evidence studies for its read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In a predicted data done by SSS (2017) using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with logKow as the primary descriptor, percentage biodegradability of test chemical2-Propen-1-yl butanoate(CAS No. 2051-78-7) was estimated.Test substance undergoes 89.6% degradation by BOD in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

 

In another prediction using the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017), the biodegradation potential of the test compound 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate (CAS No. 2051-78-7) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms was estimated.The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate is expected to be readily biodegradable.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from peer reviewed journal (A.M. Api, et. al; 2017), biodegradation experiment was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 3-Methylbutyl propanoate (CAS no. 105-68-0). The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test).The percentage degradation of read across substance 3-Methylbutyl propanoate was determined to be 74% by O2 consumption parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, 3-Methylbutyl propanoate is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Another biodegradation study was conducted for 20 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 2-methyl propyl acetate (CAS no. 110-19-0) (Kenneth S. Price, et. al; 1974). Initial test substance conc. used in the study was 3, 7 and 10 mg/l, respectively. Domestic wastewater was used as a test inoculum. The BOD bottles were half filled with aerated dilution water containing the specified minerals and buffer. Small aliquots of the test chemicals were added to these bottles from 0.1% stock solutions yielding conc. of 3, 7 and 10 mg/l. At least two of these concentrations were tested in duplicate. These concentrations gave a potential oxygen demand of 3 to 30 mg/l over the 20 days duration of test. Dissolved oxygen was monitored periodically in the individual bottles through the use of a commercial DO meter filled with an agitated probe. The bottles were opened for sampling and DO measurements about five times during the course of the 20 day test. The percentage degradation of substance 2-methyl propyl acetate was determined to be 60, 74, 79 and 81% in 5, 10, 15 and 20 days, respectively. Thus, based on percentage degradation, 2-methyl propyl acetate is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

For theread across substance 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid 2-propenyl ester (CAS no. 96-05-9) from authoritative database (J-CHECK and HSDB, 2017), biodegradation experiment was conducted for 14 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid 2-propenyl ester. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I)) under aerobic conditions. Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of substance 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid 2-propenyl ester was determined to be 62, 95 and 100% by BOD, TOC removal and HPLC parameter in 14 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid 2-propenyl ester is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (HSDB, 2017) for the read across chemical 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester (CAS no. 97-63-2), biodegradation experiment was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test) under aerobic conditions. The percentage degradation of substance 2 -Propenoic acid, 2 -methyl-, ethyl ester was determined to be 79% by O2 consumption parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, 2 -Propenoic acid, 2 -methyl-, ethyl ester is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate (from OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 and EPI suite, 2017) and for its read across substance (from authoritative database J-CHECK, HSDB and peer reviewed journals), it can be concluded that the test substance 2 -Propen-1 -yl butanoate can be expected to be readily biodegradable in nature.