Biphenyl-2-ol

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: UBA-Draft method (May 1984): Lethal effects to Zebrafish -Brachydanio rerio- (LC0, LC50, LC100, 48 - 96 h); equivalent to OECD 203, EG C.1

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: control, 1.1, 2.3, 4.5, 9.0 mg/L
- Sampling time: 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

500 mg/L stock solution (freshly prepared every day)
ultrasonic treatment (2 h)

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: zebra fish
- Source: West-Aquarium, Bad Lauterberg, Germany
- Age at study initiation: < 3 month
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 2.5 - 3.5 cm

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

21.6 - 22.3 °C

pH:

7.4 -8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

7.5 - 7.9 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test concentrations: control, 1.1, 2.3, 4.5, 9.0 mg/L
Mean measured concentrations: -, 0.92, 2.12, 4.07, 8.78 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, fill volume: Aquaria, 300 x 135 x 200 mm, 5 L
- Aeration: yes
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): every 2 4 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: synthetic feshwater according to ISO standard
- Intervals of water quality measurement: temperature, oxygen content, pH-values in new and old medium every 24 hours (expect the highest test concentration)

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality and sublethal effects after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

2.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities:
- 4.5 mg/L treatment group:
- after 2 h, 2 fish: motionless, by contact unregulated swimming agitation; 8 fish: lethargic behaviour
- after 24 h, 1 fish: motionless, by contact unregulated swimming agitation; 7 fish: lethargic behaviour
- after 48 h, 4 fish: motionless, by contact unregulated swimming agitation; 4 fish: lethargic behaviour
- after 72 h, 1 fish: motionless, by contact unregulated swimming agitation; 4 fish: lethargic behaviour; 3 fish unregulated crashing into the aquaria wall
- after 96 h, 1 fish: motionless, by contact unregulated swimming agitation; 4 fish: lethargic behaviour; 13 fish shooting and unregulated agitation
- 9.0 mg/L treatment group:
- after 2 h, 10 fish: motionless, by contact unregulated swimming agitation
- Mortality of control: none

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Nominal test Concentration [mga.i./L]	Mortality
	Number					Percentage
	2 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h	2 h	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Control	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
1.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
4.5	2	2	2	2	2	20	20	20	20	20
9.0	2	10	-	-	-	20	100	-	-	-

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP study according to a national standard method

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Bioassays conducted according to "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water", 17. Edition (APHA 1989) and U.S. EPA (1985). LC50 values were calculated following C.E. Stephens "Methods for calculating an LC50" (ASTM 1977).

GLP compliance:

no

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus tschawytscha

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4.75 mg/L

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP study according to a national standard method

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Procedures recommended by the ASTM Subcommittee on Safety to Aquatic toxicology: ASTM Standard E729-80, Standard Practice for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians, Philadelphia, PA, 1980

GLP compliance:

no

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4 mg/L

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Results for the other less sensitive species:
Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow):
LC50 (96 h) = 5.1 mg/l;

Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish):
LC50 (96 h) = 4.6 mg/l.

Values are related to nominal concentrations.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

GLP compliance:

no

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

2.95 mg/L

Description of key information

LC50 (96 h) for Danio rerio = 4.5 mg a.i./L (nominal, OECD 203).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

4.5 mg/L

Additional information

To assess the toxicity of OPP (CAS-No. 90-43-7) on fish different studies are available.

An acute static test according to UBA-Draft method (1984) that can be considered equivalent to OECD 203 was performed using Danio rerio as test species (Caspers, 1990). No fish died in the control or during the treatments at concentrations of 1.1 and 2.3 mg/L. At 4.5 mg a.i./L, 20% of the fish died, while at the highest concentration all fish died within 24 hours. No abnormal symptoms were observed at concentrations lower than the lowest lethal concentration (LLC) of 4.5 mg a.i./L. In this dose group fish showed indolent and lethargic swimming behaviour.

Further acute toxicity tests with OPP according to ASTM Standard E729-80 were performed by Dill et al., (1985) with three different fish species. However, as these studies have not been conducted under GLP and as analytic measurement of the test concentrations was not performed during the study, these results should be considered as supporting data only. The same applies to the test of Bradley (1991).

However, the available additional studies revealed nearly the same results (LC50 values range from 4.0 to 4.75 mg a.i./L) and therefore confirm the results of the key study.