Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-)

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed journal.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

To evaluate aquatic toxicity of Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-)) on Daphnia magna

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material : C.I. Direct Blue 218
- Molecular formula : C32H20Cu2N6Na4O16S4
- Molecular weight : 1087.82 g/mol
- Smiles notation : c12c3c(c(S(=O)(=O)[O-])cc1cc(S(=O)(=O)[O-])cc2N)N=Nc1ccc(cc1O[Cu]O3)c1cc2c(N=Nc3c(cc4c(c3O[Cu]O2)c(cc(c4)S(=O)(=O)[O-])N)S(=O)(=O)[O-])cc1.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
- InChl : 1S/C32H24N6O16S4.2Cu.4Na/c33-19-11-17(55(43,44)45)5-15-9-25(57(49,50)51)29(31(41)27(15)19)37-35-21-3-1-13(7-23(21)39)14-2-4-22(24(40)8-14)36-38-30-26(58(52,53)54)10-16-6-18(56(46,47)48)12-20(34)28(16)32(30)42;;;;;;/h1-12,39-42H,33-34H2,(H,43,44,45)(H,46,47,48)(H,49,50,51)(H,52,53,54);;;;;;/q;2*+2;4*+1/p-8/b37-35-,38-36-;;;;;;
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: solid powder

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Remarks:

The purity of the novel dyes was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC).

Details on sampling:

No data available

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on test solutions:

Two sample solutions were prepared for each concentration. Concentrations selected were 0.8, 1.3, 2.2, 3.6, 6.0, and 10.0 mg/L

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: Daphnia magna
- Source: Obtained from stocks
that have been maintained at North Carolina State University
- Age at study initiation : 24 h old
- Weight at study initiation: not specified
- Length at study initiation : not specified
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: Algae (100 mL) and food (50 mL) were supplied to feed the neonates at the beginning of the test.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

24 and 48 hrs

Test temperature:

20°C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.8,1.3, 2.2, 3.6, 6.0, and 10.0 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

D. magna were placed in upright incubator (cycle 16 h on/8off) and covered loosely with parafilm to prevent evaporation.The mortality of daphnids was observed at 24 and 48 h from initiation of the test

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: 100% mortality was observed at 48-h in 10.0 mg/L

Details on results:

100% mortality was observed at 48-h in 10.0 mg/L

The number of dead daphnids for C.I. Direct Blue 218 at 0.8-10.0 mg/L

Dye	Exposure time	Concentration
		0.8	1.3	2.2	3.6	6.0	10.0
C.I. Direct Blue 218	24 h	0	0	0	6	10	17
	48 h	0	0	0	7	18	20

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-) when subjected on Daphnia magna in the concentration 0.8 ,1.3, 2.2, 3.6, 6.0,10.0 mg/l for 48 hrs , The LC 50 was observed to be 6.0mg/l

Executive summary:

Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-) when used as a test material to evaluate aquatic toxicity on Daphnia magna .The neonatal 24 hrs old Daphnis were used. Ten neonates were placed in individual 50 mL containers, with 40 mL of the sample solution, Two sample solutions were prepared for each concentration.

Concentrations selected were 0.8,1.3, 2.2, 3.6, 6.0, and 10.0 mg/L. D. magna were placed in upright incubator (cycle 16 h on/8 off) and covered loosely with parafilm to prevent evaporation.

The mortality of daphnids was observed at 24 and 48 h from initiation of the test. The results indicate that the LC50 of Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-)  for D. magna is about 6.0 mg/l at 24-h and 3.6-6.0 mg/L at 48-h tests. No mortality or lethal effects were observed at 0.8-2.2 mg/L and 100% mortality was observed at 48-h in 10.0 mg/L .

This value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates can can be classified as Aquatic chronic category 1 as per the CLP criteria.

Description of key information

Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-) when used as a test material to evaluate aquatic toxicity on Daphnia magna .The neonatal 24 hrs old Daphnis were used. Ten neonates were placed in individual 50 mL containers, with 40 mL of the sample solution, Two sample solutions were prepared for each concentration.

Concentrations selected were 0.8,1.3, 2.2, 3.6, 6.0, and 10.0 mg/L. D. magna were placed in upright incubator (cycle 16 h on/8 off) and covered loosely with parafilm to prevent evaporation.

The mortality of daphnids was observed at 24 and 48 h from initiation of the test. The results indicate that the LC50 of Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-)  for D. magna is about 6.0 mg/l at 24-h and 3.6-6.0 mg/L at 48-h tests. No mortality or lethal effects were observed at 0.8-2.2 mg/L and 100% mortality was observed at 48-h in 10.0 mg/L .

This value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates can can be classified as Aquatic chronic category 1 as per the CLP criteria.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

6 mg/L

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate :

Various experimental studies describing the short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate 1972 for target chemical Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-)) (CAS 28407-37-6) are summarized below.

An experimental study conducted by Jin-Seok Bae , Harold S. Freeman summarized in Dyes and Pigments 73 (2007) 126-132.

Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-) when used as a test material to evaluate aquatic toxicity on Daphnia magna .The neonatal 24 hrs old Daphnis were used. Ten neonates were placed in individual 50 mL containers, with 40 mL of the sample solution, Two sample solutions were prepared for each concentration.

Concentrations selected were 0.8,1.3, 2.2, 3.6, 6.0, and 10.0 mg/L. D. magna were placed in upright incubator (cycle 16 h on/8 off) and covered loosely with parafilm to prevent evaporation.

The mortality of daphnids was observed at 24 and 48 h from initiation of the test. The results indicate that the LC50 of Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-)  for D. magna is about 6.0 mg/l at 24-h and 3.6-6.0 mg/L at 48-h tests. No mortality or lethal effects were observed at 0.8-2.2 mg/L and 100% mortality was observed at 48-h in 10.0 mg/L .

This value indicates that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates can can be classified as Aquatic chronic category 1 as per the CLP criteria.

The above experimental data was further supported by experimental study conducted by Y Verma summarized in Toxicology and Industrial Health 2008; 24: 491–500 for the target chemical Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-)).

Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-) when used as a test material to evaluate its aquatic toxicity on Daphnia magna. The test animal was maintained. Twenty-four hours before the test, adult daphnids (gravid females) were sorted and the young one (neonates) produced from these adults were used in the experiment.

Initially, a 24-h preliminary test was carried out at exposure concentrations of 100, 10, and 1.0 mg/LThe selected concentration for the test was 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, and 10 mg/L

The LC 50 value for the test chemical was observed to be 24-h LC50 6.0 mg/L;48-h LC50 3.6–6.0 mg/L

The above experimental data was further supported by experimental data summarized in Journal of Developing Drugs Volume 5 , Issue 1 2016.

Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-) when subjected on Daphnia magna for 48 hrs produced high toxicity effect with the LC50 range between 1.0-10.0 mg/l.

Based on the available data of target Tetrasodium [μ-[[3,3'-[(3,3'-dihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonato]](8-)]]dicuprate(4-)) (CAS 28407-37-6) it can be considered that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates can can be classified as Aquatic chronic category 1 as per the CLP criteria.