Zinc acrylate

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

08 May 1995 - 12 May 1995

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Remarks:

GLP-guideline study with acceptable restrictions (analytical concentration control in separate test vessels; analytical measurements not over complete study duration, but only after 24 and 48 hours)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The stock solution contained 10 g acrylic acid/L. The test solutions were prepared daily.

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebra fish
- Source: West Aquarium, Bad Laterberg, Germany
- Length at study initiation (mean, SD): 3 ± 0.5 cm

HOUSING
- Feeding during housing
- Food type: TetraMin
- Amount: ca. 1% of body weight
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation: no mortality 7 days before study initiation <= 5%

QUARANTINE
- Duration: 14 days
- Treatment: 3 times a week with malachite green

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

ca. 13 °dH

Test temperature:

19 - 21 °C

pH:

4.1 - 8.4

Dissolved oxygen:

92 - 104 % of saturation

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test concentrations: 0, 55, 100, 170, 290, 500 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST VESSEL
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Temperature contineously, dissolved oxygen and pH every 24 hours

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light : 8 hours darkness

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality after 24, 48, 72, 98

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

170 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

222 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 170 - 290 (95 % CL)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

290 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Analytical recovery: > 80 %
- Clinical signs and symptoms: no data

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 was determined to be approximately 222 mg/L (nominal).

Executive summary:

Acrylic acid was tested in an acute fish test according to EU Method C.1 with Brachydanio rerio using a semi-static test design. Analytical concentration control by spectrophotometrical measurements revealed a recovery rate of > 80%. Therefore, effect values were based on nominal concentrations. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 was determined to be approximately 222 mg/L (nominal) (Huels 1995).

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

10 Mar 1989- 14 Mar 1989

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

GLP guideline study with analytical monitoring

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OTS 797.1400 (Fish Acute Toxicity Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Stock solutions were prepared in deionized water to a concentration of 38000 mg/L

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Source: Mt. Lassen Trout Farms in Red Bluff, California, USA
- Length at study end (mean, SD): 43 ± 3 mm
- Weight at study initiation (mean, SD): 1.2 ± 0.27 g

HOUSING
- Conditions: fish were reared and maintained at ABC Laboratories in well water
- Feeding during housing:
- Food type: newly hatched brine shrimp or commercially fish food
- Frequency: daily
- Photoperiod: 16 hours daylight

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 28 hours
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type of food: none

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

none

Hardness:

38 - 42 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

11 - 13 °C

pH:

4.6 - 7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

8.3 - 9.1 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test concentrations: control, 6.5, 13, 25, 50, 100 mg/L
Mean measured concentrations: < 0.1, 6.3, 11, 23, 45, 90 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Type of flow-through: proportional diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 10 times per hour, 120 L per day (8 tank volumes per day)
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: soft blended water (mixture of reverse osmosis and well water with a final hardness (as CaCO3) of ca. 40 - 48 mg/L
- Alkalinity: 53-54 mg/L as CaCO3
- Conductivity: 120 µMhos/cm
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH in all test solutions after 0, 48, 96 hours of testing

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
-Photoperiod: 16 hours
- Frequency: daylight

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality and sublethal effects after 24, 48, 72, 96 hours

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 100 mg/L test substance = 100% mortality; 1 and 10 mg/L show no effects

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

27 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 21 - 33 mg/L

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

6.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality, behavioral/sublethal effects

Details on results:

- LC50 after:
- 24 hours: > 45 mg/L
- 48 hours: 54 mg/L
- 72 hours: 34 mg/L

- Behavioural abnormalities: Erratic swimming , loss of equilibrium, quiescence, on bottom orientation

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

		24 h		48 h		72 h		96 h
Meas. Test Conc. [mg/L]	No. placed in test	Mort.	Observations	Cum. Mort.	Observations	Cum. Mort.	Observations	Cum. Mort.	Observations
0	20	0	20 N	0	20 N	0	20 N	0	20 N
6.3	20	0	20 N	0	20 N	0	20 N	0	20 N
11	20	0	20 N	0	20 N	0*	17 N; 2 ES	0*	19 N
23	20	0	20 N	3	17 N	9	8 N; 3 ES	12	3 N; 5 ES
45	20	0	20 N	2	15 N; 2 ES	8	6 N; 6 ES	14	5 ES; 1 N
90	20	10	9 LOE/OB/Q; 1 ES	20	---	20	---	20	---

Key to observations:

N: normal

LOE: loss of equilibrium

OB: on bottom orientation

Q: quiescence

ES: erratic swimming

 

* one individual lost

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, based on mean measured concentrations, the 96 h LC50 was determined to be 27 mg/L.

Executive summary:

Acrylic acid was tested in an acute toxicity test with Salmo gairdneri under flow-through conditions. Biological and chemical procedures followed the U.S. EPA-TSCA, 40 CFR, Part 797 Guideline 797.1400. Under the study conditions, based on mean measured concentrations, the 96 h LC50 was determined to be 27 mg/L. Reported behavioural effects were: loss of equilibrium, on bottom orientation, quiescence and erratic swimming (BAMM, 1990).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: study not according to standard protocol but good quality and considered useful for setting the reference value for acute aquatic ecotoxicity. Culture medium, test water conditions well described and relevant the purpose of classification.

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

lab-designed dose-response test

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

As mentioned in Woodling et al 2002: water samples were taken daily for the first 7 days from one randomly selected replicate chamber for each nominal exposure concentration.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

dilution water: dechlorinated Fort Collins municipal tap water and on-site well water mixed to create a nominal hardness of 150mg/l as CaCO3.

Test organisms (species):

other: Cottus bairdii

Details on test organisms:

Recently emerged C. bairdi were collected from White river (Colorado USA), organisms were acclimated to hardness of 150 mg/l as CaCO3 for 18 days before starting the 30d test.

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

150 mg CaCO3/l

Test temperature:

11.8+/-0.3°C

pH:

7.6

Dissolved oxygen:

8.8 mg O2/l

Nominal and measured concentrations:

800,400,200,100,50,0 µg ZnL added (nominal).

Details on test conditions:

7 fish were randomly chosen and placed in the exposure chamber; Fish were fed a concentrated suspension of brine shrimp nauplii mixed with starter trout chow.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

439 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 was established at 439 µg/L.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the toxicity of zinc (compound not specified, probably zinc sulphate) to the mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) in high hardness water. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 was established at 439 µg/L (measured) (Brinkman 2005).

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Tests done according to standard protocol. Good quality and considered useful for setting the reference value for acute aquatic ecotoxicity. Study used for that purpose in the EU risk assessment process on zinc (ECB 2008). Culture medium, test water conditions well described and relevant the purpose of classification. Zinc concentrations in test however not measured.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: American Society for testing materials 1988: Standard practice for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates and amphibians, ASTM, E-729-88, Philadelphia

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

standard reconstituted soft water (EPA 1975)

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

organisms from Ennis national fish hatchery Ennis, Montana (code: MT)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

41 mg CaCO3/l

Test temperature:

12 +/-1°C

pH:

7.1 - 8.0

Nominal and measured concentrations:

no details given, nominal concentrations reported

Details on test conditions:

different life stages were tested

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

2 170 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C.I.: 1850-2550; test on alevins, origin code MT

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

169 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95%C.I. 118-243; test on 7-10w old juveniles, 0.6 g, code MT

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon was used to calculate the LC50 values and 95 % C.I.
signnificant differences between LC50 values were determined by the standard error of the differences as described by Sprague and Fogels 1977.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 for Oncorhynchus mykiss was determined to be 2170 µg/L for alevins and 169 µg/L for 7-10 w old juveniles (nominal).

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine toxicity of the test substance to fish according to a protocol of the American Society for Testing Materials, 1988. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 for Oncorhynchus mykiss was determined to be 2170 µg/L for alevins and 169 µg/L for 7-10 w old juveniles (nominal) (Buhl and Hamilton, 1990).

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Tests done according to standard protocol. Good quality and considered useful for setting the reference value for acute aquatic ecotoxicity. Study used for that purpose in the EU risk assessment process on zinc (ECB 2008). Culture medium, test water conditions well described and relevant the purpose of classification. Zinc concentrations in test however not measured.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: American Society for testing matrials 1988: Standard practice for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates and amphibians, ASTM, E-729-88, Philadelphia

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

no data

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

standard reconstituted soft water (EPA 1975)

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus kisutch

Details on test organisms:

organisms from different origin were tested: they were from a) Clear state hatchery, Clear, Alaska, US (= code AK), and from Puyallup Salmon hatchery, Orting, Washington, US (code WA)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

41 mg CaCO3/l

Test temperature:

12 +/-1°C

pH:

7.1-8.0

Nominal and measured concentrations:

no details given, nominal concentrations reported

Details on test conditions:

different life stages were tested

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

820 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C.I.: 610-1130; test on7-8w old juveniles, 0.47g, origin AK

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1 810 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C.I.: 1340-2450; test on7-8w old juveniles, 0.63g, origin AK

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1 650 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C.I.: 1050-2600; test on7-8w old juveniles,0.94g, origin AK

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

727 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C.I.: 507-1042; test on alevins, origin WA

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon was used to calculate the LC50 values and 95%C.I.
signnificant differences between LC50 values were determined by the standard error of the differences as described by Sprague and Fogels 1977.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 for Oncorhynchus kisutch was determined to lie within range of 727 to 1818 µg/L (nominal)

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine toxicity of the test substance to fish according to a protocol of the American Society for Testing Materials, 1988. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 for Oncorhynchus kisutch was determined to lie within range of 727 to 1818 µg/L (nominal) (Buhl and Hamilton, 1990).

Reference 6

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Tests done according to standard protocol. Good quality and considered useful for setting the reference value for acute aquatic ecotoxicity. Study used for that purpose in the EU risk assessment process on zinc (ECB 2008). Culture medium, test water conditions well described and relevant the purpose of classification. Zinc concentrations in test however not measured.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: American Society for testing materials 1988: Standard practice for conducting acute toxicity tests with fishes, macroinvertebrates and amphibians, ASTM, E-729-88, Philadelphia

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

no data

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

standard reconstituted soft water (EPA 1975)

Test organisms (species):

other: Thymallus arcticus

Details on test organisms:

organisms from different origin were tested: they were from a) Clear state hatchery, Clear, Alaska, US (= code AC), and from Flathead lake salmon state hatchery, Somers, Montana, US (code MT)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

41 mg CaCO3/l

Test temperature:

12 +/-1°C

pH:

7.1 - 8.0

Nominal and measured concentrations:

no details given, nominal concentrations reported

Details on test conditions:

different life stages were tested

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

315 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C.I.: 234-424; test on "swim-up fry", origin AC

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

142 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95%C.I.114-178; test on 7-8w old juveniles, 0.2g, code AC

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

112 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95%C.I. 83-150; test on 7-8w old juveniles, 0.34g, code AC

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1 580 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95%C.I. 900-2770; test on alevins; code MT

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

166 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C.I. 127-217; test on 5-6w old juveniles, 0,97 g, code MT

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

2 920 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95%C.I. 2510-3400; test on alevins; code MT

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

168 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95%C.I. 143-197; test on 7-11w old juveniles, 0.97g, code MT

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

168 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C.I. 96-295; test on 7-11w old juveniles, 1.85g, code MT

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon was used to calculate the LC50 values and 95%C.I.
signnificant differences between LC50 values were determined by the standard error of the differences as described by Sprague and Fogels 1977.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 for Thymallus arcticus was determined to lie within range of 166 to 2920 µg/L (nominal).

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine toxicity of the test substance to fish according to a protocol of the American Society for Testing Materials, 1988. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 for Thymallus arcticus was determined to lie within range of 166 to 2920 µg/L (nominal) (Buhl and Hamilton, 1990).

Reference 7

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

study not according to standard protocol but good quality and considered useful for setting the reference value for acute aquatic ecotoxicity. Study used for that purpose in the EU risk assessment process on zinc (ECB 2008). Culture medium, test water conditions well described and relevant the purpose of classification.

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

lab-designed dose-response test at varying pH and at relatively high hardness conditions.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

no data

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

tests done in very hard reconstituted water at varying pH

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

test organisms were cultured at the US environmental protection agency laboratory in Duluth, Minnesota. ages of organisms was at time of testing
=<24 hrs. organisms were unfed.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Hardness:

280-300 mg CaCO3/l

Test temperature:

25°C

pH:

6-6.5
7-7.5
8-8.5

Dissolved oxygen:

dissolved oxygen was never below 5mg/l (60% saturation)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal concentrations and measured concentrations never deviating >10 % from each other

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

780 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: at pH 6-6.5

Key result

Duration:

95 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

330 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: at pH 7-7.5

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

500 µg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

dissolved

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: at pH 8-8.5

Reported statistics and error estimates:

median LC50s and corresponding 95%CI were calculated using the trimmed Spearman-karber method.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the following LC50 values were established for the zinc toxicity to Pimephales promelas: the 96 h LC50 at pH 6-6.5 was 780 µg/L, the 96 h LC50 at pH 7-7.5 was 330 µg/L and the 96 h LC50 at pH 8-8.5 was 500 µg/L.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the effects of pH on the zinc toxicity to different aquatic organisms. Tests were not done according to a standard protocol, but were of good quality and considered useful for setting the reference value for acute aquatic ecotoxicity. Under the study conditions, the following LC50 values were established for the zinc toxicity to Pimephales promelas: the 96 h LC50 at pH 6-6.5 was 780 µg/L, the 96 h LC50 at pH 7-7.5 was 330 µg/L and the 96 h LC50 at pH 8-8.5 was 500 µg/L (measured not specified) (Schubauer-Berrigan, 1993).

Additional information

Zinc chloride studies

Study 1:

A study was conducted to determine toxicity of the test substance to fish according to a protocol of the American Society for Testing Materials, 1988. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 for Oncorhynchus mykiss was determined to be 2170 µg/L for alevins and 169 µg/L for 7-10 w old juveniles (nominal) (Buhl and Hamilton, 1990).

Study 2:

A study was conducted to determine toxicity of the test substance to fish according to a protocol of the American Society for Testing Materials, 1988. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 for Oncorhynchus kisutch was determined to lie within range of 727 to 1818 µg/L (nominal) (Buhl and Hamilton, 1990).

Study 3:

A study was conducted to determine toxicity of the test substance to fish according to a protocol of the American Society for Testing Materials, 1988. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 for Thymallus arcticus was determined to lie within range of 166 to 2920 µg/L (nominal) (Buhl and Hamilton, 1990).

Zinc sulphate studies

A study was conducted to determine the effects of pH on the zinc toxicity to different aquatic organisms. Tests were not done according to a standard protocol, but were of good quality and considered useful for setting the reference value for acute aquatic ecotoxicity. Under the study conditions, the following LC50 values were established for the zinc toxicity to Pimephales promelas: the 96 h LC50 at pH 6-6.5 was 780 µg/L, the 96 h LC50 at pH 7-7.5 was 330 µg/L and the 96 h LC50 at pH 8-8.5 was 500 µg/L (measured not specified) (Schubauer-Berrigan, 1993).

Zinc (not specified) studies

 

A study was conducted to determine the toxicity of zinc (compound not specified, probably zinc sulphate) to the mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) in high hardness water. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 was established at 439 µg/L (measured) (Brinkman 2005).

 

Acrylic acid studies

Study 1:

Acrylic acid was tested in an acute toxicity test with Salmo gairdneri under flow-through conditions. Biological and chemical procedures followed the U.S. EPA-TSCA, 40 CFR, Part 797 Guideline 797.1400. Under the study conditions, based on mean measured concentrations, the 96 h LC50 was determined to be 27 mg/L. Reported behavioural effects were: loss of equilibrium, on bottom orientation, quiescence and erratic swimming (BAMM, 1990).

Study 2:

Acrylic acid was tested in an acute fish test according to EU Method C.1 with Brachydanio rerio using a semi-static test design. Analytical concentration control by spectrophotometrical measurements revealed a recovery rate of > 80%. Therefore, effect values were based on nominal concentrations. Under the study conditions, the 96 h LC50 was determined to be approximately 222 mg/L (nominal) (Huels 1995).