1-ethyl-2-[1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinolyl]benz[cd]indolium chloride

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

17 Jun - 16 Jul 1998

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1998

Report date:

1998

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1-ethyl-2-[1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinolyl]benz[cd]indolium chloride

EC Number:

264-497-8

EC Name:

1-ethyl-2-[1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinolyl]benz[cd]indolium chloride

Cas Number:

63817-45-8

Molecular formula:

C27H31N2O.Cl

IUPAC Name:

1-ethyl-2-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl]benzo[cd]indolium chloride

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Details on test material:

Basic Blue 147 Cl

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A pKM 101

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9-mix from rat liver

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

First plate incorporation test
a: without metabolic activation:
50, 160, 500, 1,600 and 5,000 µg/plate
b: with metabolic activation:
50, 160, 500, 1,600 and 5,000 µg/plate

Second plate incorporation test:
a: without metabolic activation:
1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 µg/plate (TA 100, TA 1535)
0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 µg/plate (TA 1537, TA 98)
1.6, 5, 16, 50, 160 µg/plate (WP2uvrA)
b: with metabolic activation:
1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 µg/plate (TA 100, TA 1535)
0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 µg/plate (TA 1537, TA 98)
1.6, 5, 16, 50, 160 µg/plate (WP2uvrA)

Third mutation test (preincubation test):
a: without metabolic activation:
1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 µg/plate (TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537)
5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 µg/plate (TA 98)
10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 µg/plate (WP2uvrA)
b: with metabolic activation:
1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 µg/plate (TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537)
5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 µg/plate (TA 98)
10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 µg/plate (WP2uvrA)

Vehicle / solvent:

Deionized water

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

without metabolic activation for strain TA 100 and TA 1535

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

Remarks:

without metabolic activation for strain TA 1537

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

2-nitrofluorene

Remarks:

without metabolic activation for strain TA 98

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

Remarks:

without metabolic activation for strain WP2uvrA

Controls 5

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Remarks:

with metabolic activation (i.e., S9-mix from rat liver) for all strains

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Assay procedure

Each test was performed in both the presence and absence of S9-mix using all bacterial tester strains and a range of concentrations of the test substance. Positive and negative controls as well as solvent controls were included in each test. Triplicate plates were used.

The highest concentration in the first mutation experiment was usually 50 mg/mL of the test substance in the chosen solvent, which provided a final concentration of 5,000 µg/plate. Further dilutions of 1,600, 500, 160 and 50 µg/plate were used. Suitable dose levels used in the second experiment may be different depending on any toxicity seen in the first experiment. A reduction in the number of spontaneously occurring colonies and visible thinning of the bacterial lawn were used as toxicity indicators. Thinning of the bacterial lawn was evaluated microscopically.

In both tests top agar was prepared which, for the Salmonella strains, contained 100 mL agar (i.e., 0.6% (w/v) agar, 0.5% (w/v) NaCI) with 10 mL of a 0.5 mM histidine-biotin solution. For E. coli histidine was replaced by tryptophan (i.e., 2.5 mL, 0.5 mM). The following ingredients were added (in the following order) to 2 mL of molten top agar at approximately 48°C:

0.5 mL S9-mix (if required) or buffer
0.1 mL of an overnight nutrient broth culture of the bacterial tester strain
0.1 mL test substance solution (i.e., dissolved in deionized water)

In the second mutagenicity test if appropriate these top-agar ingredients were preincubated by shaking for approximately 20 min at approximately 30ºC.

After mixing, and pre-incubation if appropriate, the liquid was poured into a petri dish containing a 25 mL layer of minimal agar (i.e., 1.5% (w/v) agar, Vogel-Bonner E medium with 2% (w/v) glucose). After incubation for approximately 48 h at approximately 37°C in the dark, colonies (his+ and trp+ revertants) were counted by hand or by a suitable automatic colony counter.

The counter was calibrated for each test by reading a test pattern plate to verify the manufacturer's requirements for the counter's sensitiveness.

Evaluation criteria:

Criteria for a valid assay

The assay is considered valid if the following criteria are met:
- the solvent control data are within the laboratory's normal control range for the spontaneous mutant frequency.
- the positive controls induce increases in the mutation frequency which are significant and within the laboratory's normal range.

Criteria for a positive response
A test substance is classified as mutagenic if it has either of the following effects:
a) it produces at least a 2-fold increase in the mean number of revertants per plate of at least one of the tester strains over the mean number of revertants per plate of the appropriate vehicle control at complete bacterial background lawn.
b) it induces a dose-related increase in the mean number of revertants per plate of at least one of the tester strains over the mean number of revertants per plate of the appropriate vehicle control in at least two to three concentrations of the test substance at complete bacterial background lawn.

If the test substance does not achieve either of the above criteria, it is considered to show no evidence of mutagenic activity in this system.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

other: TA 100, TA 98, TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

positive

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A pKM 101

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

Solubility and toxicity

-The test substance was dissolved in deionized water and a stock solution of 50 mg/mL was prepared for the highest concentration, which provided a final concentration of 5000 µg/plate. Further dilutions of 1,600, 500, 160 and 50 µg/plate were used in the first plate incorporation test.

-The test substance did not precipitate on the plates up to the highest investigated dose of 5,00 µg/plate.

-In all tests toxicity was observed with and without metabolic activation.

Mutagenicity

-In both independent mutation tests, test substance was tested for mutagenicity with the same stated concentrations. The number of colonies per plate with each strain as well as mean values of 3 plates were given.

-In the absence and in the presence of the metabolic activation system the test substance induced a significant and dose-dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies with the bacterial strain TA 1535, TA 98 and TA 100.

-All positive controls produced significant increases in the number of revertant colonies. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the exogenous metabolic activation system were demonstrated.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sterility checks and control plates

 

Sterility of S9-mix and the test substance were indicated by the absence of contamination on the test substance and S9-mix sterility check plates. Control plates (i.e., background control and positive controls) gave the expected number of colonies, i.e. values were within the laboratory's historical control range.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the test substance was found to be mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay with and without an exogenous metabolic activation system.

Executive summary:

Basic Blue 147 was tested for mutagenicity with the strains TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 98 of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA. Three independent mutagenicity studies were conducted, each in the absence and in the presence of a metabolizing system derived from a rat liver homogenate.

For all studies, the compound was suspended in double-distilled water, and each bacterial strain was exposed to 5 dose levels, respectively 6 dose levels. The concentrations for the first study were 50, 160, 500, 1600 and 5000 µg/plate.

Because of toxicity in the first mutation experiment dose ranges for the second study were variable across bacterial strains to account for varying susceptibilities to cytotoxic effects: low dose levels ranged from 0.63 to 50 µg/plate, and high dose levels ranged from 1.6 to 160 µg/plate. For the preincubation test low dose levels ranged from 1 to 50 µg/plate and high dose levels ranged from 10 to 500 µg/plate.

Control plates without mutagen showed that the number of spontaneous revertant colonies was within the laboratory's historical control. All the positive control compounds showed the expected increase in the number of revertant colonies.

Toxicity: In the first mutagenicity experiment high toxicity was observed with and without metabolic activation up to the lowest concentration of 50 µg/plate.

In the second mutagenicity experiment toxicity was observed in a dose range of 50 to 160 µg/plate.

In the preincubation test toxicity was observed without metabolic activation in a dose rage of 2.5 to 25 µg/plate and above.

In the presence of metabolic activation the test compound proved to be toxic to the bacterial strains in a dose range of 10 to 50 µg/plate and above.

Mutagenicity: In the absence and in the presence of the metabolic activation system Basic Blue 147 gave a dose-dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies with the bacterial strains TA 100, TA 1537 and TA 98.

In the preincubation experiment the mutagenic effects have been confirmed. In the strains TA 100 and TA 98 with metabolic activation an increased number of revertants were obtained, but only at toxic dose levels.

Summarizing, it can be stated that Basic Blue 147 is mutagenic in these bacterial test systems in the absence and in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation.