1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline study with acceptable restrictions.

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

secondary source

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2001

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1993

Report date:

1992

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Toxicity of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene to Lactuca sativa was determined in soil and in nutrient solution according to OECD 208

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Reference

Name:

Unnamed

Type:

Constituent

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Test compounds were supplied by Aldrich Chemie, J.T. Baker, BDH, EGA-Chemie, FlukaA.G., Janssen, and Merck and purity was >=95%.

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test substrate

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

The test materials were either dissolved in acetone and/or mixed with a small amount of quartz sand. The compound was mixed through the soil using the quartz sand as a carrier.

Test organisms

Species:

Lactuca sativa

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

Lactuca sativa, Ravel R2

Study design

Test type:

seedling emergence and seedling growth test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

natural soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

14 d

Test conditions

Test temperature:

Test temperature was 21 +/- 4 °C

Details on test conditions:

Soil was collected twice from an orchard. The characteristics of these two collections of agricultural Ioam differed slightly. The first collection, used by TNO, agreed with the specification of OECD Guideline 208: pH (1 N KCI) was 7.5, organic matter content 1.4%, and clay content 12%. The clay content of the second collection, used by RIVM, was twice as high as the first; the organic matter content was 1.8 %; pH was the same. K2HP04 had to be added to this second collection to achieve good plant growth. Soils were 4-mm sieved before the tests started.

The 0.25-L plastic trays contained 400 g of soil at 25 to 30 % moisture content (80% of the water-holding capacity). In each tray 10 seeds were sown. The trays were covered with glass plates until germination of seedlings. After removal of the glass plates, evaporation of water was compensated daily by adding demineralized water. Only the first five germinated seedlings were required, and any additional germinated seedlings were discarded. After 7 and 14 d, shoots were harvested by cutting them off at soil level; the fresh weight of each plant was determined immediately after harvesting. Water content and pH of the soil were checked at the start and the end of the experiment.

- Temperature: 21 +/- 4 °C
- Humidity: 40 - 80 %
- Photoperiod: 16 h light / 8 h dark
- Light intensity: 6,500 Lux

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Species:

Lactuca sativa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 3.2 - < 10 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Testing facility RIVM

Effect concentrations 2

Species:

Lactuca sativa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

5.4 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Testing facility TNO

Details on results:

ANALYTIC RESULTS

Analytical results on test day 0 showed differences from the nominal concentrations (between 15 and 131 %). The lower values may have been caused by the high volatility of the test substance.


EFFECT RESULTS

After 14 days the EC50 value was at 5.4 mg/kg soil dw for the test conducted at TNO and between 3.2 and 10 mg/kg soil dw for the test conducted at RIVM.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The test substance 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene had a toxic effect on the growth of lactuca sativa. Effect concentrations among both testing facilites were at 5.4 mg/kg soil dw and between 3.2 - 10.0 mg/kg soil dw. Analytic results on test start show differences to the nominal concentrations (15 - 131 %).

Executive summary:

Tests conducted by two testing facilites showed, that 1 -chloro-2 -nitrobenzene exhibits a toxic effect on the growth of lettuc (Lactuca sativa) with the effect concentrations ranging from 5.4 mg/kg soil dw (Testing facility TNO) to 3.2 - 10.0 mg/kg soil dw (Testing facility RIVM). Measured concentrations on test start showed, that the test substance concentration decreases significantly (up to 15 % of the original nominal concentration). This is likely caused by the high volatility of the test substance. As a result, the EC50 values for these compounds may have been underestimated.