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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 428-320-1 | CAS number: 71308-16-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study according to GLP
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 996
- Report date:
- 1998
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 407 (Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.7 (Repeated Dose (28 Days) Toxicity (Oral))
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
Reference
- Name:
- Unnamed
- Type:
- Constituent
- Test material form:
- solid: flakes
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: males approx. 7 weeks, females approx. 8 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: males 194-238 g, females 145-176 g
- Housing: individually
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: approx. 2 weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20.5-22.0°C
- Humidity (%): 53-65%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- peanut oil
- Details on oral exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Daily preparation of the solutions for administration with different substance concentrations according to the intended doses. Stability of the test substance in the solutions for administration were examined before start of the study.
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle: test substance is not water soluble
- Concentration in vehicle: 0-46.4 mg/mL
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 6.81 mL
- Lot/batch no. (if required):1539702 (Lamotte, Bremen) - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- In weeks one and three, samples were taken and analysed accordingly by HPLC. The measured concentration were 96.1-104.7% of the nominal concentrations (4.64, 14.7 and 46.4 mg/mL ).
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Test duration: 28d
- Frequency of treatment:
- Dosing regime: once a day, 7 days a week
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
additionally 5 in the control and highest dose group as recovery group - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selections: based on a preliminary dose range finding study
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: 6 weeks - Positive control:
- no
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- - Cage side observations: once/twice daily
- Weighing: day 0 (prior to dosing), weekly thereafter - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
The following tissues were examined: gross lesions and tissue masses, mandibular lymph node, mammary gland, skin, salivary gland, sternebrae, thyroid gland, small intestine, colon, liver, prostate/testes or ovaries/uterus, lungs and bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach, brain, thymus, trachea, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, urinary bladder, pituitary gland, spinal cord (if neurologic signs present) and eyes (if grossly abnormal).
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Tissues were preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
After completion of the pathology examination, the slides, individual animal data records and summary tables were sent to an independent quality assurance laboratory for evaluation. - Statistics:
- DUNNETT-Test for normal distribution, otherwise STEEL test;
significance level: p < 0.05
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- disturbances in coordination, hyper- or hypokinesia in mid and more pronounced in the high dose group; effects faded within 2 weeks post exposure; no mortality
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence):
- disturbances in coordination, hyper- or hypokinesia in mid and more pronounced in the high dose group; effects faded within 2 weeks post exposure; no mortality
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- only the high dose group was affected significantly; during recovery period parameter returned to control level
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Reduction in food consumption: low and mid dose group 10 to 20%, high dose group up to 30%
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- no effects observed
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Week 1: slight increase of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematokrit and number of plateletes in the highest dose group; week 4: these parameters were reduced. Additionally, reticulocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils appeared slightly altered
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- see Details on test results
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- relative and absolute increase of liver and spleen in the highest dose group
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- Clinical chemistry:
Week 1: activity of liver enzymes and conc. of albumin and bilirubin were increased (mid and high dose) and gamma-GT and alpha-1 globulins reduced. Findings were more pronounced in the high dose group; week 4: increased bilirubin and albumin and some liver enzymes; Decreases in cholinesterase, triglycerides and relative amount of globulins; most effects in high dose group only. In week 10 no findings of toxicological relevance were recorded.
Effects in organs:
There were no macroscopic changes observed in any organs.
In the high and medium dose groups, Liver weights were significantly increased. In the high dose group, the Spleen weights were increased.
Histopathological examination revealed minmal to moderate centrolobular hepatocellular hypertrophy that was reversed during the recovery period. In the spleen, a dose-related increase in the severity of extramedullary heamatopoiesis (predominantly erythroid) was recorded. This finding was accompanied by a minimally to mildly decreased myeloid to erythroid cell ratio in the bone marrow. All findings were reversible during the recovery period.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- ca. 31.6 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Liver, blood, and the spleen were identified as target organs. All changes were found to be completely reversible in the dose range tested.
Although there was a slight reduction in food consumption at the low dose level, no other parameters, including body weights, were influenced.
The NOAEL was determined to be 31.6 mg/kg bw, the LOEL 100 mg/kg bw.
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