Substance Information
Substance Information
REACH Registration data can be found in the new ECHA CHEM database. The old ‘Registered substance factsheets’ will be available on this web site during the transition period but have not been updated since 19 May 2023. More
Substance Infocard
Lead and its compounds
Substance identity
The ‘Substance identity’ section is calculated from substance identification information from all ECHA databases. The substance identifiers displayed in the InfoCard are the best available substance name, EC number, CAS number and/or the molecular and structural formulas.
Some substance identifiers may have been claimed confidential, or may not have been provided, and therefore not be displayed.
EC (European Community) Number
The EC Number is the numerical identifier for substances in the EC Inventory. The EC Inventory is a combination of three independent European lists of substances from the previous EU chemicals regulatory frameworks (EINECS, ELINCS and the NLP-list). More information about the EC Inventory can be found here.
If the substance was not covered by the EC Inventory, ECHA attributes a list number in the same format, starting with the numbers 6, 7, 8 or 9.
The EC or list number is the primary substance identifier used by ECHA.
CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) registry number
The CAS number is the substance numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society, to substances registered in the CAS registry database. A substance identified primarily by an EC or list number may be linked with more than one CAS number, or with CAS numbers that have been deleted. More information about CAS and the CAS registry can be found here.
Molecular formula
The molecular formula identifies each type of element by its chemical symbol and identifies the number of atoms of each element found in one discrete molecule of the substance. This information is only displayed if the substance is well–defined, its identity is not claimed confidential and there is sufficient information available in ECHA’s databases for ECHA’s algorithms to generate a molecular structure.
Molecular structure
The molecular structure is based on structures generated from information available in ECHA’s databases. If generated, an InChI string will also be generated and made available for searching. This information is only displayed if the substance is well-defined, its identity is not claimed confidential and there is sufficient information available in ECHA’s databases for ECHA’s algorithms to generate a molecular structure.
More help available here.
EC / List no.: -
CAS no.: -
Mol. formula:
Hazard classification and labelling
The ‘Hazard classification and labelling’ section shows the hazards of a substance based on the standardised system of statements and pictograms established under the CLP (Classification Labelling and Packaging) Regulation. The CLP Regulation makes sure that the hazards presented by chemicals are clearly communicated to workers and consumers in the European Union. The CLP Regulation uses the UN Global Harmonised System (GHS) and European Union Specific Hazard Statements (EUH).
This section is based on three sources for information (harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), REACH registrations and CLP notifications). The source of the information is mentioned in the introductory sentence of the hazard statements. When information is available in all sources, the first two are displayed as a priority.
Please note:
The purpose of the information provided under this section is to highlight the substance hazardousness in a readable format. It does not represent a new labelling, classification or hazard statement, neither reflect other factors that affect the susceptibility of the effects described, such as duration of exposure or substance concentration (e.g. in case of consumer and professional uses). Other relevant information includes the following:
- Substances may have impurities and additives that lead to different classifications. If at least one company has indicated that the substance classification is affected by impurities or additives, this will be indicated by an informative sentence. However, substance notifications in the InfoCard are aggregated independently of the impurities and additives.
- Hazard statements were adapted to improve readability and may not correspond textually to the hazard statements codes description in the European Union Specific Hazard Statements (EUH) or the UN Global Harmonised System (GHS).
To see the full list of notified classifications and to get more information on impurities and additives relevant to classification please consult the C&L Inventory.
More information about Classification and Labelling is available in the Regulations section of ECHA website.
More help available here.
Harmonised classification and labelling (CLH)
Harmonised classification and labelling is a legally binding classification and labelling for a substance, agreed at European Community level. Harmonisation is based on the substance’s physical, toxicological and eco-toxicological hazard assessment.
The ‘Hazard classification’ and labelling section uses the signal word, pictogram(s) and hazard statements of the substance under the harmonised classification and labelling (CLH) as its primary source of information.
If the substance is covered by more than one CLH entry (e.g. disodium tetraborate EC no. 215–540–4, is covered by three harmonisations: 005–011–00–4; 005–011–01–1 and 005–011–02–9), CLH information cannot be displayed in the InfoCard as the difference between the CLH classifications requires manual interpretation or verification. If a substance is classified under multiple CLH entries, a link to the C&L Inventory is provided to allow users to view CLH information associated with the substance and no text is automatically generated for the InfoCard.
It is possible that a harmonisation is introduced through an amendment to the CLP Regulation. In that case, the ATP (Adaptation to Technical Progress) number is displayed.
More info on CLH can be found here.
Classification and labelling under REACH
If available, additional information on classification and labelling (C&L) is derived from REACH registration dossiers submitted by industry. This information has not been reviewed or verified by ECHA, and may change without prior notice. REACH registration dossiers have greater data requirements (such as supporting studies) than do notifications under CLP.
Notifications under the Classification Labelling and Packaging (CLP) Regulation
If no EU harmonised classification and labelling exists and the substance was not registered under REACH, information derived from classification and labelling (C&L) notifications to ECHA under CLP Regulation is displayed under this section. These notifications can be provided by manufacturers, importers and downstream users. ECHA maintains the C&L Inventory, but does not review or verify the accuracy of the information.
Note that for readability purposes, only the pictograms, signal words and hazard statements referred in more than 5% of the notifications under CLP are displayed.
There is no harmonised classification and there are no notified hazards by manufacturers, importers or downstream users for this substance.
Important to know
This section highlights four regulatory activities or outcomes under REACH – Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals – Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006:
- Community rolling action plan - indicates if the substance is or was included in the Community rolling action plan (CoRAP). The CoRAP list includes substances that could pose a risk to human health or the environment and whose (potentially hazardous) properties are to be evaluated by the Member States in the next three years. After evaluation, proposals may be made for further regulatory action regarding the substance.
- Candidate List - indicates if the substance is included in the candidate list of substances of very high concern (SVHCs). The Candidate List includes substances that are subject to additional protocols and reporting obligations and which may eventually be included in the Authorisation List, further limiting their use.
- Authorisation list (Annex XIV to REACH) - indicates if the substance is included in the Authorisation list. These substances cannot be placed on the market or used after a given date, unless an authorisation is granted for their specific use, or the use is exempted from authorisation.
- Restriction list (Annex XVII to REACH) - indicates if the substance is included in the Restriction List. The Restriction List describes the conditions for the manufacture, placing on the market or use of certain substances, either on their own or in mixtures or articles.
Please note: The identification of relevant regulatory activities and outcomes is done automatically and without manual verification. Substances may be grouped together under a specific regulatory activity for more efficient risk management and legislative processing (e.g. restriction on "Lead and its compounds"). In these cases, Infocards may not identify all substances in the group.Therefore it does not represent official and legally–binding information. To confirm if a substance is covered by a specific regulatory action the official publication, e.g. the electronic edition of the Official Journal of the European Union should be consulted.
More help available here.
- Some uses of this substance are restricted under Annex XVII of REACH.
The InfoCard summarises the non-confidential data of a substance held in the databases of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). InfoCards are generated automatically based on the data available at the time of generation.
The quality and correctness of the information submitted to ECHA remains the responsibility of the data submitter. The type of uses and classifications may vary between different submissions to ECHA and for a full understanding it is recommended to consult the source data. Information on applicable regulatory frameworks is also automatically generated and may not be complete or up to date. It is the responsibility of the substance manufacturers and importers to consult official publications, e.g. the electronic edition of the Official Journal of the European Union.
InfoCards are updated when new information is available. The date of the last update corresponds to the publication date of the InfoCard and not necessarily to the date in which the update occurred in the source data.
More help available here.
Here you can find all of the regulations and regulatory lists in which this substance appears, according to the data available to ECHA. This substance has been found in the following regulatory activities (directly, or inheriting the regulatory context of a parent substance):
| Region | Legislation | Emission medium | Process/equipment | Maximum emissions | Average emissions | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum limit | Maximum sampling duration | Average limit | Average sampling duration | ||||||
| European Union | Industrial Emissions Directive | Waste gases | Combustion plants co-incinerating waste | 0.5 mg/Nm3 | 8.0 h | These average values cover also the gaseous and the vapour forms of the relevant heavy metal emissions as well as their compounds Emission limit value defined as total emission limit for the total sum of antimony arsenic lead chromium cobalt copper manganese nickel and vanadium expressed as average value over the sampling period All emission limit values shall be calculated at a temperature of 27315 K a pressure of 1013 kPa and after correcting for the water vapour content of the waste gases O2 content 6% for solid fuels and 3% for liquid fuels For technical provisions regarding 'Monitoring of emissions' see Part 6 (Annex VI). For 'Formula to calculate the emission concentration at the standard percentage oxygen concentration' see Part 7 (Annex VI). For 'Assessment of compliance with emission limit values' see Part 8 (Annex VI) Directive 2010/75/EU | |||
| European Union | Industrial Emissions Directive | Waste gases | Cement kilns co-incinerating waste | 0.5 mg/Nm3 | 8.0 h | These average values cover also the gaseous and the vapour forms of the relevant heavy metal emissions as well as their compounds Emission limit value defined as total emission limit for the total sum of antimony arsenic lead chromium cobalt copper manganese nickel and vanadium expressed as average value over the sampling period All values are standardised at 10 % oxygen All emission limit values shall be calculated at a temperature of 27315 K a pressure of 1013 kPa and after correcting for the water vapour content of the waste gases For technical provisions regarding 'Monitoring of emissions' see Part 6 (Annex VI). For 'Formula to calculate the emission concentration at the standard percentage oxygen concentration' see Part 7 (Annex VI). For 'Assessment of compliance with emission limit values' see Part 8 (Annex VI) Directive 2010/75/EU | |||
| European Union | Industrial Emissions Directive | Waste gases | Waste incineration plants | 0.5 mg/Nm3 | 8.0 h | All emission limit values shall be calculated at a temperature of 27315 K a pressure of 1013 kPa and after correcting for the water vapour content of the waste gases.They are standardised at 11 % oxygen in waste gas except in case of incineration of mineral waste oil as defined in point 3 of Article 3 of Directive 2008/98/EC when they are standardised at 3 % oxygen and in the cases referred to in Point 2.7 of Part 6 These average values cover also the gaseous and the vapour forms of the relevant heavy metal emissions as well as their compounds Emission limit value defined as total emission limit for the total sum of antimony arsenic lead chromium cobalt copper manganese nickel and vanadium expressed as average value over the sampling period For technical provisions regarding 'Monitoring of emissions' see Part 6 (Annex VI). For 'Formula to calculate the emission concentration at the standard percentage oxygen concentration' see Part 7 (Annex VI). For 'Assessment of compliance with emission limit values' see Part 8 (Annex VI) Directive 2010/75/EU | |||
| European Union | Industrial Emissions Directive | Waste water from the cleaning of waste gases | Waste incineration plants and waste co-incineration plants | 0.2 mg/l | |||||
| European Union | Water Environmental Quality Standards Directive | Inland surface waters | 14.0 µg/l | 1.2 µg/l | 1.0 yr | Unless otherwise specified the EQS parameter expressed as an annual average value (AA-EQS) applies to the total concentration of all isomers. Inland surface waters encompass rivers and lakes and related artificial or heavily modified water bodies. These EQS refer to bioavailable concentrations of the substances. | |||
| European Union | Water Environmental Quality Standards Directive | Surface waters other than inland surface waters | 14.0 µg/l | 1.3 µg/l | 1.0 yr | Unless otherwise specified the EQS parameter expressed as an annual average value (AA-EQS) applies to the total concentration of all isomers. Inland surface waters encompass rivers and lakes and related artificial or heavily modified water bodies. These EQS refer to bioavailable concentrations of the substances. | |||
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Batteries Directive - Prohibitions & LabellingEU. Prohibited Substances (Article 4) & Labelling Requirements (Article 21(3)), Directive 2006/66/EC on Batteries and Accumulators, 26 September 2006, as amended by Directive 2018/849/EU, 14 June 2018
This list contains use prohibitions of mercury and cadmium above certain thresholds in batteries and accumulators, with certain exceptions. It also captures certain labelling requirements on such products containing mercury, cadmium and lead above specified quantities.
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Batteries Regulation - Prohibitions and LabellingEU. Prohibited Substances (Annex I) & Labeling Requirements (Art. 13(5) and Annex VI) for batteries, Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, OJ L 191, 28 July 2023
This database contains: 1/use prohibitions of mercury, cadmium, and lead in batteries; and 2/ labeling requirements for cadmium and lead, other hazardous substances (non-exhaustive list derived from CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, Annex VI, Table 3) and critical raw materials (derived from 4th List of Critical Raw Materials, 2020) in batteries. The list is based on the new Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 which became enforceable on 18 February 2024, with some transitional periods.
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CAD - Chemical Agents Directive, Annex II - Binding BLVsEU. Directive 98/24/EC, Annex II, Binding Biological Limit Values and Health Surveillance Measures, as amended by Directive (EU) 2024/869, OJ L of 19 March 2024
This list contains substances assigned a binding biological exposure limit (BEL) by the European Union. National BELs for these substances may not deviate from the limits in the Directive. Annex II contains the binding BEL for lead which will be deleted from CAD, Annex II and, starting 9 April 2026, will be regulated only in the CMR Directive, Annex IIIa.
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CMRD - Carcinogens, Mutagens, Reprotoxins Directive, Annex IIIa - BLVsEU. BLVs for Certain Hazardous Substances: Annex IIIa, Directive (EC) 2004/37 (CMRD), as amended by Directive (EU) 2024/869, OJ L of 19 March 2024
This list contains substances assigned a binding occupational exposure limit value (OELV) by the European Union. National OELVs for these substances may not deviate from the limits in the Directive. Annex I contains the binding OELV for lead which will be deleted from CAD, Annex I and, starting 9 April 2026, will be regulated only in the CMR Directive, Annex III.
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Cosmetic Products Regulation, Annex II - Prohibited SubstancesEU. Prohibited Substances: Annex II, Regulation 1223/2009/EC on Cosmetic Products, as amended by Regulation (EU) 2024/996, OJ L of 4 April 2024
This list contains substances which are banned from use in any cosmetic products marketed for sale or use in the European Union.
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End-of-Life Vehicles Directive - General Use ExemptionsEU. General Use Exemptions from Article 4(2)(a) (Annex II), Directive 2000/53/EC on End-of-Life Vehicles, as amended by Directive 2020/363/EU, 5 March 2020
This list contains the Annex II material and component general use exemptions that apply to the substances prohibited from use in the manufacture of automobiles under Art. 4(2)(a) of the ELV Directive.
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End-of-Life Vehicles Directive - Specific Use ExemptionsEU. Specific Use Exemptions from Article 4(2)(a) (Annex II), Directive 2000/53/EC on End-of-Life Vehicles, as amended by Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2023/544, OJ L 73, 10 March 2023
This list contains the specific Annex II material and component use exemptions for the substances prohibited from use in the manufacture of automobiles under Art. 4(2)(a) of the ELV Directive.
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IPPC - Industrial Emissions Directive, Annex II - Polluting SubstancesEU. Polluting Substances: Annex II, Directive 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (IPPC), 17 December 2010
This list contains the polluting substances for which emission limit values are assigned under Directive 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control - IPPC). Member States must permit all qualifying facilities in order to ensure that they minimize impact on the environment. The permit issued must provide emission limit values for pollutants on this list.
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IPPC, Annexes V, VI, VIII - Provisions relating to industrial plantsEU. Emission Limit Values: Annexes V (combustion plants), VI (waste incineration/co-incineration plants), VIII (TiO2 installations), Dir. 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (IPPC), 17 December 2010
This list contains emission limit values for polluting substances in waste gases and waste water, assigned according to facility type (i.e., combustion plants (Annex V), waste incineration/co-incineration plants (Annex VI), and installations producing titanium dioxide (Annex VIII)), under Directive 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control - IPPC). For this list, if a substance presents 2 values in the ''Average sampling duration'' field, these indicate minimum and maximum average sampling period.
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ROHS - Exemptions from Article 4(1) Restrictions, Annexes III & IVEU. Exemptions from Art. 4(1) Restrictions (Annexes III & IV), Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS), as amended by Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2024/1416, OJ L of 21 May 2024
This list contains the application exemptions listed in Annexes III and IV to RoHS (2011/65/EU). Annex III contains applications exempted from the restriction in Article 4(1), while Annex IV lists applications exempted from the restriction in Article 4(1) specific to medical devices and monitoring and control instruments.
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ROHS Directive - Restricted Substances as per Article 4(1), Annex IIEU. Restricted Substances Referred to in Article 4(1) (Annex II), Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS), as amended by Directive 2015/863/EU, 4 June 2015
This list contains the substances listed in Annex II to the Directive on the restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS - 2011/65/EU). Restricted per Art. 4(1) of RoHS, each listed substance includes a maximum concentration value tolerated by weight in homogeneous materials.
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Toy Safety Directive - Substances Restricted in ToysEU. Substances Restricted in Toys, Directive 2009/48/EC, OJ L 170/1, 30 June 2009, last amended by Directive (EU) 2021/903, 4 June 2021
This list contains substances whose use in toys is restricted in the European Union in accordance with points 8 and 13, Part III, and Appendices A and C of Annex II (Particular Safety Requirements) to Directive 2009/48/EC on toy safety. List entries include substance name, CAS number, limit values for certain product types and, where applicable, notes on restrictions.
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Annex I, Part A - Priority Substances & Pollutants in waterEU. Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for Priority Substances: Annex I, Part A, Directive 2008/105/EC, 24 December 2008, amended by Directive 2013/39/EU, 24 August 2013
This list contains environmental quality standards (EQS), including annual averages and maximum allowable concentrations, for priority substances and certain other pollutants, as provided for in Article 16 of Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy.