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EC number: 229-792-8 | CAS number: 6737-68-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, gene mutation was predicted for 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone ( 6737-68-4). The study assumed the use of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 with and without S9 metabolic activation system. 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone was predicted to not induce gene mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence, according to the prediction made, it is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro. Based on the predicted result it can be concluded that the substance is considered to not toxic as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from OECD QSAR Toolbox version 3.4 and the supporting QMRF report has been attached
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: As mention below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Prediction is done using OECD QSAR Toolbox version 3.4, 2017
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material : 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone
- Molecular formula : C28H22N2O2
- Molecular weight : 418.494 g/mol
- Smiles notation : c1cc2C(=O)c3c(C(=O)c2cc1)c(Nc1ccccc1C)ccc3Nc1c(cccc1)C
- InChl : 1S/C28H22N2O2/c1-17-9-3-7-13-21(17)29-23-15-16-24(30-22-14-8-4-10-18(22)2)26-25(23)27(31)19-11-5-6-12-20(19)28(26)32/h3-16,29-30H,1-2H3
- Substance type : Organic
- Physical state : Solid - Target gene:
- Histidine
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Cytokinesis block (if used):
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 metabolic activation
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- not specified
- Vehicle / solvent:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- not specified
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- not specified
- Rationale for test conditions:
- not specified
- Evaluation criteria:
- Prediction is done considering a dose dependent increase in the number of revrtants/plate
- Statistics:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: No mutagenic effect were observed
- Conclusions:
- 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone ( 6737-68-4) was predicted to not induce gene mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 in the presence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence, according to the prediction made, it is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
- Executive summary:
Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, gene mutation was predicted for 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone ( 6737-68-4). The study assumed the use of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 with S9 metabolic activation system. 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone was predicted to not induce gene mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 in the presence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence, according to the prediction made, it is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro. Based on the predicted result it can be concluded that the substance is considered to not toxic as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.
Reference
The
prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following
descriptors: "Gene mutation"
Estimation method: Takes highest mode value from the 9 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
(((((((((("a"
or "b" )
and ("c"
and (
not "d")
)
)
and ("e"
and (
not "f")
)
)
and ("g"
and (
not "h")
)
)
and "i" )
and ("j"
and (
not "k")
)
)
and "l" )
and ("m"
and (
not "n")
)
)
and "o" )
and ("p"
and "q" )
)
Domain
logical expression index: "a"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type
addition, quinoid structures AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition, quinoid
structures >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes AND Non-covalent
interaction AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation AND
Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones and
Trihydroxybenzenes AND Radical AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS
formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation
(indirect) >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes by DNA binding by OASIS
v.1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "b"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type
addition to quinoid structures AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to
quinoid structures >> N-Substituted Aromatic Amines by Protein binding
by OASIS v1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "c"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Non binder, without OH or NH2
group by Estrogen Receptor Binding
Domain
logical expression index: "d"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Moderate binder, NH2 group OR
Moderate binder, OH grooup OR Non binder, impaired OH or NH2 group OR
Non binder, MW>500 OR Non binder, non cyclic structure OR Strong binder,
NH2 group OR Strong binder, OH group OR Very strong binder, OH group OR
Weak binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding
Domain
logical expression index: "e"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein
binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "f"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct
Acylation Involving a Leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation
Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and
Related Chemicals OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Related Chemicals >>
Isocyanates OR Acylation >> Isocyanates and Related Chemicals >>
Isothiocyanates OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Acid imides
OR Michael addition >> Acid imides >> Acid imides-MA OR Michael addition
>> Polarised Alkenes OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes >>
Polarised alkene - amides OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes >>
Polarised alkene - ketones OR Michael addition >> Quinones and
Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> Quinones and Quinone-type
Chemicals >> Benzoquinones OR Michael addition >> Quinones and
Quinone-type Chemicals >> Quinone-imine OR Schiff Base Formers OR Schiff
Base Formers >> Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers OR Schiff Base Formers
>> Direct Acting Schiff Base Formers >> 1-2-Dicarbonyls by Protein
binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "g"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify
according to these rules (GSH) by Protein binding potency
Domain
logical expression index: "h"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Extremely reactive (GSH) OR
Extremely reactive (GSH) >> Benzoquinones (MA) OR Extremely reactive
(GSH) >> Fumaronitriles (MA) OR Extremely reactive (GSH) >>
Naphthoquinones (MA) by Protein binding potency
Domain
logical expression index: "i"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Class 5 (Not possible to
classify according to these rules) by Acute aquatic toxicity
classification by Verhaar (Modified) ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "j"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA alerts for
AMES by OASIS v.1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "k"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >> Michael-type
addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition, quinoid
structures >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR AN2 >> Carbamoylation
after isocyanate formation OR AN2 >> Carbamoylation after isocyanate
formation >> N-Hydroxylamines OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition reaction
with cycloisomerization OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition reaction with
cycloisomerization >> Hydrazine Derivatives OR Non-covalent interaction
OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent
interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA Intercalators with Carboxamide
and Aminoalkylamine Side Chain OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA
intercalation >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR Non-covalent interaction
>> DNA intercalation >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR Non-specific
OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy
with nucleoside bases OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA,
due to structural analogy with nucleoside bases >> Specific Imine
and Thione Derivatives OR Radical OR Radical >> Radical attack after
one-electron reduction of diazonium cation OR Radical >> Radical attack
after one-electron reduction of diazonium cation >> Arenediazonium Salts
OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical
>> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> C-Nitroso Compounds
OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >>
Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS
formation (indirect) >> Hydrazine Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical
mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> N-Hydroxylamines OR Radical >>
Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroaniline
Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect)
>> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via
ROS formation (indirect) >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR SN1
OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >>
Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium ion formation >> N-Hydroxylamines OR
SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation
OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion
formation >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack
after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroaniline Derivatives
OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution after glutathione-induced nitrenium
ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution after
glutathione-induced nitrenium ion formation >> C-Nitroso Compounds OR
SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ion OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic
substitution on diazonium ion >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives
OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> N-Hydroxylamines OR
SN2 >> Direct nucleophilic attack on diazonium cation OR SN2 >> Direct
nucleophilic attack on diazonium cation >> Arenediazonium Salts OR SN2
>> Direct nucleophilic attack on diazonium cation >> Hydrazine
Derivatives by DNA alerts for AMES by OASIS v.1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "l"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Not bioavailable by Lipinski
Rule Oasis ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "m"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Alkyl arenes AND Anthracenone/
Antracendione AND Aromatic amine AND Aryl AND Cycloketone AND Diketone
AND Fused carbocyclic aromatic by Organic Functional groups
Domain
logical expression index: "n"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Alkene by Organic Functional
groups
Domain
logical expression index: "o"
Similarity
boundary:Target:
Cc1ccccc1Nc1ccc(Nc2ccccc2C)c2c1C(=O)c1ccccc1C2=O
Threshold=40%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization
Domain
logical expression index: "p"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 5.85
Domain
logical expression index: "q"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 11.3
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Prediction model based estimation and data from read across chemical have been reviewed to determine the mutagenic nature of 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl) amino]anthraquinone ( 6737-68-4). The studies are as mentioned below
Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, gene mutation was predicted for 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone ( 6737-68-4). The study assumed the use of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 with and without S9 metabolic activation system. 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone was predicted to not induce gene mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence, according to the prediction made, it is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro. Based on the predicted result it can be concluded that the substance is considered to not toxic as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.
Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, chromosomal aberration was predicted for 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone ( 6737-68-4) .The study assumed the use of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line with and without S9 metabolic activation system 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone was predicted to not induce chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system and hence, according to the prediction made, it is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro. Based on the predicted result it can be concluded that the substance is considered to not toxic as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.
In a study for structurally and functionally similar read across chemical, Gene mutation toxicity study was performed by Antonio M. Bonin et al.( Mutation Research, 1981)to determine the mutagenic nature ofN-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9) Other name; Crystal violet. The read across substances share high similarity in structure and log kow .Therefore, it is acceptable to derive information on mutation from the analogue substance. Salmonella / mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay was performed to study the mutagenic potential of Crystal violet both in the presence and absence of metabolic activator S9 mix. The study was performed using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 at dose levels of0, 0.1, 0.32, 1.0 or 3.2µg/plate. The test chemical was dissolved in DMSO and used for the study.Plates were incubated at 37°C for 72 hrs before counting his+revertant colonies and each dose point was determined from at least two plates, unless indicated otherwise. Criteria for mutagenicity were (a) a dose-response and, (b) reproducibility of the result. Dose-responses were not always evident at concentratrations selected for initial testing. Crystal violet did not induce gene mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1537 and TA1538 strains in the presence and absence of S9 mix and in strain TA1535 in the presence of S9 mix. It however induced gene mutation in the strain TA1535 at low concentration in the absence of S9 mix and the response was not dose related. Hence the test chemical is considered to be negative for gene mutation as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.
In a study for structurally and functionally similar read across chemical, Gene mutation toxicity study was performed by National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (Japan chemicals collaborative knowledge database , 2017)to determine the mutagenic nature of 2-Ethylanthraquinone (84-51-5). The read across substances share high similarity in structure and log kow .Therefore, it is acceptable to derive information on mutation from the analogue substance. Genetic toxicity in vitro study was assessed for2-Ethylanthraquinone. For this purpose AMES test was performed according to Guidelines for Screening Mutagenicity Testing of Chemicals (Japan) and OECD Test Guideline 471.The test material was exposed to Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537, Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA in the presence and absence of metabolic activation S9. The concentration of test material used in the presence and absence of metabolic activation were as fallow
-S9 mix; 0, 156, 313, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 µg/plate (all strains)
+S9 mix; 0, 2.44, 4.88, 9.77, 19.5, 39.1, 78.1, 156 µg/plate (TA100)
+S9 mix; 0, 156, 313, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 µg/plate (TA1535, TA98,TA1537)
+S9 mix; 0, 39.1, 78.1, 156, 313, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 µg/plate (WP2uvrA)
+S9 mix (confirmative test, 1st); 0, 2.44, 4.88, 9.77, 19.5, 39.1, 78.1,156, 313, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 µg/plate (TA100)
+S9 mix (confirmative test, 2nd); 0, 156, 313, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 µg/plate (TA100).
No mutagenic effects were observed in all strains, in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Therefore 2-Ethylanthraquinone was considered to be non mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537, Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA by AMES test. Hence the substance cannot be classified as gene mutant in vitro.
Based on the data available for the target chemical and its read across substance and applying weight of evidence 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone ( 6737-68-4)does not exhibit gene mutation in vitro. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Thus based on the above annotation and CLP criteria for the target chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone ( 6737-68-4)does not exhibit gene mutation in vitro. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
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