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EC number: 229-792-8 | CAS number: 6737-68-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Skin irritation
The dermal irritation potential of target chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4)was assessedin various experimental studies which were conducted on rabbits for target chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) and its structurally similar read across substances[4-[[4-anilino-1-naphthyl][4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium acetate (CAS No. 83803-79-6)andCI Solvent Green 3 (CAS No: 128-80-3). The predicted data usingQSAR toolbox andhas also been compared with the experimental data.Based on the available data for the target and read across substances and applying the weight of evidence approach, it can be concluded that chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) is unable to cause skin irritation and thus considered as not irritating. Comparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, it can be classified under the category “Not Classified”.
Eye irritation
An ocular irritation potential of target chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) was assessedin various experimental studies which were conducted on rabbits for target chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) and its structurally similar read across substancesanthraquinone (CAS No: 84-65-1)and CI Solvent Green 3 (CAS No: 128-80-3). The predicted data usingQSAR toolboxhas also been compared with the experimental data.Based on the available data for the target and read across substances and applying the weight of evidence approach, it can be concluded that chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) is unable to cause eye damage and thus can be considered as not irritating. Comparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, it can be classified under the category “Not Classified”.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 and QMRF report has been attached
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.4
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of the test material (IUPAC Name): Disodium [5-chloro-3-[[4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulphophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]azo]-2-hydroxybenzene-1-sulphonato(4-)]hydroxychromate(2-)
- Common Name: Acid Red 183
- Molecular formula: C16H13ClCrN4O9S2
- Molecular weight: 599.835 g/mol
- Smiles notation: N1(c2cc(ccc2)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C([C@@-](\N=N\c2c(c(cc(c2)Cl)S(=O)(=O)[O-])[O-])C(=N1)C)=O.[Cr].[Na+].[Na+].[OH-]
- InChl: 1S/C16H12ClN4O8S2.Cr.2Na.H2O/c1-8-14(19-18-12-5-9(17)6-13(15(12)22)31(27,28)29)16(23)21(20-8)10-3-2-4-11(7-10)30(24,25)26;;;;/h2-7,22H,1H3,(H,24,25,26)(H,27,28,29);;;;1H2/q-1;;2*+1;/p-4/b19-18+;;;;
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid - Species:
- rabbit
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- No data available
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period:
- 72 hours
- Number of animals:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- No data available
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- No skin irritation was observed in treated rabbits.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not irritating
- Conclusions:
- The chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) was estimated to be not irritating to the skin of New Zealand White rabbits. Based on the estimated result 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) can be considered to be not irritating to skin.
- Executive summary:
The dermal irritation potential of 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4)was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with logPow as the primary descriptor. The chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) was estimated to be not irritating to the skin of New Zealand White rabbits. Based on the estimated result 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) can be considered to be not irritating to skin and can be classified under the category ˋ Not Classified’ as per CLP regulation.
Reference
Estimation
method: Takes mode value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
((((((("a"
or "b" )
and ("c"
and (
not "d")
)
)
and ("e"
and (
not "f")
)
)
and "g" )
and "h" )
and ("i"
and (
not "j")
)
)
and ("k"
and "l" )
)
Domain
logical expression index: "a"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type
addition, quinoid structures AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition, quinoid
structures >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes AND Non-covalent
interaction AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation AND
Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones and
Trihydroxybenzenes AND Radical AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS
formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation
(indirect) >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes by DNA binding by OASIS
v.1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "b"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type
addition to quinoid structures AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to
quinoid structures >> N-Substituted Aromatic Amines by Protein binding
by OASIS v1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "c"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by
OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "d"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct
Addition of an Acyl Halide OR Acylation >> Direct Addition of an Acyl
Halide >> Alkyl carbamyl halides OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated
Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> P450
Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >> Thioureas OR
Michael addition OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to
Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated
Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes OR Michael
addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type
Chemicals >> Hydroquinones OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation OR SN1
>> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines OR SN1 >>
Nitrenium Ion formation OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic
azo OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro OR SN1 >>
Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic phenylureas OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion
formation >> Primary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >>
Secondary aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Tertiary
aromatic amine OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Direct Acting Epoxides and related OR
SN2 >> Direct Acting Epoxides and related >> Epoxides OR SN2 >> P450
Mediated Sulfoxidation OR SN2 >> P450 Mediated Sulfoxidation >>
Thioureas-SN2 by DNA binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "e"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Non binder, without OH or NH2
group by Estrogen Receptor Binding
Domain
logical expression index: "f"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Non binder, impaired OH or NH2
group OR Non binder, MW>500 OR Strong binder, OH group by Estrogen
Receptor Binding
Domain
logical expression index: "g"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Not bioavailable by Lipinski
Rule Oasis ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "h"
Similarity
boundary:Target:
Cc1ccccc1Nc1ccc(Nc2ccccc2C)c2c1C(=O)c1ccccc1C2=O
Threshold=60%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization
Domain
logical expression index: "i"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Amine AND Aromatic compound AND
Carbonyl compound AND Ketone AND Secondary amine AND Secondary aromatic
amine by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)
Domain
logical expression index: "j"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Carboxylic acid derivative OR
Halogen derivative by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider
(checkmol)
Domain
logical expression index: "k"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 7.73
Domain
logical expression index: "l"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 10.9
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 and QMRF report has been attached
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: estimated data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.4
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone
- Molecular formula: C28H22N2O2
- Molecular weight: 418.494 g/mol
- Smiles notation : c1cc2C(=O)c3c(C(=O)c2cc1)c(Nc1ccccc1C)ccc3Nc1c(cccc1)C
- InChl : 1S/C28H22N2O2/c1-17-9-3-7-13-21(17)29-23-15-16-24(30-22-14-8-4-10-18(22)2)26-25(23)27(31)19-11-5-6-12-20(19)28(26)32/h3-16,29-30H,1-2H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid - Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- No data available
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- No data available
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single application
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 72 hours
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- No data available
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- No data available
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- No eye irritation was observed in treated rabbits.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not irritating
- Conclusions:
- The chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) was estimated to be not irritating into the eyes of New Zealand White rabbits. Based on the estimated result 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4)can be considered to be not irritating to eye.
- Executive summary:
The ocular irritation potential of 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4)was estimated using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with logPow as the primary descriptor. The chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) was estimated to be not irritating into the eyes of New Zealand White rabbits. Based on the estimated result 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4)can be considered to be not irritating to eye and can be classified under the category ˋ Not Classified’ as per CLP regulation.
Reference
Estimation
method: Takes mode value from the 7 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
((((("a"
or "b" )
and ("c"
and (
not "d")
)
)
and "e" )
and "f" )
and ("g"
and "h" )
)
Domain
logical expression index: "a"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type
addition, quinoid structures AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition, quinoid
structures >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes AND Non-covalent
interaction AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation AND
Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones and
Trihydroxybenzenes AND Radical AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS
formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation
(indirect) >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes by DNA binding by OASIS
v.1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "b"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type
addition to quinoid structures AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to
quinoid structures >> N-Substituted Aromatic Amines by Protein binding
by OASIS v1.4
Domain
logical expression index: "c"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by
OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "d"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> P450
Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >>
P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >> Thioureas
OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated Activation to
Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR Michael addition >> P450 Mediated
Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals >> Arenes OR SN1 OR
SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >>
Aliphatic tertiary amines OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation OR SN1 >>
Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic azo OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion
formation >> Aromatic nitro OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >>
Aromatic phenylureas OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Primary
aromatic amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Secondary aromatic
amine OR SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Tertiary aromatic amine OR
SN2 OR SN2 >> P450 Mediated Sulfoxidation OR SN2 >> P450 Mediated
Sulfoxidation >> Thioureas-SN2 by DNA binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "e"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as High (Class III) by Toxic hazard
classification by Cramer (original) ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "f"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Not bioavailable by Lipinski
Rule Oasis ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "g"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 3.69
Domain
logical expression index: "h"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 10.8
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation:
Various studies has been investigated for the test chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) to observe the potential for dermal irritation to a greater or lesser extent. The studies are based on in vivo experiments in rabbits and rats for target chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) and its structurally similar read across substances[4-[[4-anilino-1-naphthyl][4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium acetate (CAS No. 83803-79-6)andCI Solvent Green 3 (CAS No: 128-80-3).The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox andDanish QSAR databasehas also been compared with the experimental data and summarized as below;
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the skin irritation potential was estimated for test chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4). The chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) is estimated to be not irritating to skin of New Zealand White rabbits.
According to Danish QSAR database , the skin irritation effects were estimated by using four different models i.e, Battery, Leadscope, SciQSAR and CASE Ultra for 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4). Based on estimation, no skin irritation reactions were observed in rabbits. Therefore, 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) was considered to be not irritating.
A study was designed and conducted by Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB, 2017 to determine the dermal reaction profile of read across chemical [4-[[4-anilino-1-naphthyl][4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium acetate (CAS No. 83803-79-6) in Sprague Dawley rats. The study was performed as per OECD Guidelines 402 and complying to the GLP procedures. In this study, ten rats (5 male and 5 female) were used for conducting dermal irritation /corrosion study. The test item [4-[[4-anilino-1-naphthyl][4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium acetate (CAS No. 83803-79-6)was applied to shorn skin of 5 male and 5 female animals at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Administration of the test item at 2000 mg/kg did not result in any skin reaction at the site of application during the study period of 14 days. Also, the erythema and edema score of rats was calculated as 0. Administration of the test item did not result in any signs of toxicity and mortality during the study period of 14 days. Animals exhibited normal body weight gain through the study period of 14 days. Gross pathological examination did not reveal any abnormalities attributable to the treatment. Hence, it was concluded that [4-[[4-anilino-1-naphthyl][4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium acetate (CAS No. 83803-79-6) was Non-Irritating to the skin of Sprague Dawley rats under the experimental conditions tested.
The above results were further supported by the experimental study conducted by Muni, I.A., E.B. Gordon, and J.B. Goodband, {U.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND FORT DETRICK, FREDERICK, MARYLAND 21701-5012 CONTRACT NO. DAMD17-82-C-2301, Bioassay Systems Corp., Woburn, MA. DAMD17-82-C-2301; 1986} and Kowetha A. Davidson Patricia S. Hovatter {Kowetha A. Davidson Patricia S. Hovatter} for read across chemical CI Solvent Green 3 (CAS No: 128-80-3).In this toxicity study for Skin irritation, New Zealand white rabbit were treated with CI Solvent Green 3/CI Solvent Yellow 33 in the concentration of 0.5 g on 2 abraded and 2 unabraded test sites and observed for 24, 72 hrs and 7, 14 and 21 days. At 24 hours, barely perceptible erythema to one abraded test site of one male and two female rabbits were observed, and one unabraded site of one male rabbit. This erythema resolved in all cases by 72 hours. No edema was observed at any of the sites during the 24 and 72 hour observation period. The Primary Irritation Score was 0.08. No Systemic toxicity was observed in treated rabbits. Therefore, CI Solvent Green 3/C.I Solvent Yellow 33 was considered to be not irritating to skin when tested on New Zealand white rabbit skin.
Thus on the basis of available data for thetarget chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) and its structurally similar read across substances[4-[[4-anilino-1-naphthyl][4-(dimethylamino)phenyl] methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium acetate (CAS No. 83803-79-6)andCI Solvent Green 3 (CAS No: 128-80-3),it can be concluded thatchemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) is unable to cause skin irritation and considered as not irritating. Comparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, it can be classified under the category “Not Classified”.
Eye irritation:
In different studies,the test chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) has been investigated for potential for ocular irritationto a greater or lesser extent. The studies are based on in vivo experiments in rabbits for target chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) its structurally similar read across substancesAnthraquinone (CAS No: 84-65-1)and CI Solvent Green 3 (CAS No: 128-80-3).The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental data and summarized as below;
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the eye irritation potential was estimated for test chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4). The chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) is estimated to be not irritating to eye of New Zealand White rabbits.
The JOSE J. ESTABLE {American Journal of Ophthalmology; Volume 31, Issue 7, July 1948, Pages 837-844; 1948} conducted an eye irritation study for read across chemical Anthraquinone (CAS No: 84-65-1) in rabbits. This study was performed to compare the immediate and delayed effects of Anthraquinone on the cornea—a tissue normally devoid of blood vessels with their effects on the vascular tissues of the sclera and eyelids. White rabbits were used for the study. Anthraquinone(dry powder) was placed in the lower conjunctival sac of one eye and held there usually for one-half minute. This was repeated at intervals of one or several days. The other eye was treated with 0.7% solution of Sodium chloride and used as control. The eyes were examined for evidence of inflammation, and changes in the corneal structures were observed with the bio-microscope. Anthraquinone produced only immediate sensory and inflammatory reaction (discomfort, blepharospasm, and conjunctival congestion) that disappeared very soon. The eyes appeared normal in a few hours. Hence, it was concluded the irritation effects were due to mechanical action of the powder rather than toxic effects of anthraquinone. Therefore, Anthraquinone can be considered not irritating to eyes.
The above results were supported by the experimental study conducted by Muni, I.A., E.B. Gordon, and J.B. Goodband, {U.S. ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND FORT DETRICK, FREDERICK, MARYLAND 21701-5012 CONTRACT NO. DAMD17-82-C-2301, Bioassay Systems Corp., Woburn, MA. DAMD17-82-C-2301; 1986} in rabbits for read across chemical CI Solvent Green 3/CI Solvent Yellow 33 applied in the concentration of 100 mg in lower lid of the right eye for 24, 48 and 72 hours and observed for 7, 14, and 21 days. No corneal opacity, iritis, hyperemia, Chemosis or discharge throughout the 72 hour observation period was observed in treated rabbits. No Clinical signs of systemic toxicity were observed in treated rabbits. Overall irritation score was 0. Therefore, CI Solvent Green 3/CI Solvent Yellow 33 was considered to be not irritating to the eyes of New Zealand white female rabbit.
Thus on the basis of available data for thetarget chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) and its structurally similar read across substances Anthraquinone (CAS No: 84-65-1) and CI Solvent Green 3 (CAS No: 128-80-3), it can be concluded that chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) is unable to cause eye irritation and considered as not irritating. Comparing the above annotations with the criteria of CLP regulation, it can be classified under the category “Not Classified”.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The skin and eye irritation potential of test chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) and its structurally similar read across substanceswere observed in various studies. The results obtained from these studies indicate that the chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) is unlikely to cause skin and eye irritation. Hence 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS No: 6737-68-4) can be classified under the category “Not Classified” for skin and eye as per CLP.
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