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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-179-5 | CAS number: 7440-70-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no data: aquatic toxicity unlikely
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no data: aquatic toxicity unlikely
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no data: aquatic toxicity unlikely
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no exposure of sediment expected
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no exposure of sediment expected
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no exposure of soil expected
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
- In accordance with Annex XI.2 aquatic testing of elemental Ca is not technically feasible based on the existing data on Ca reactivity in water.
- In accordance with column 2 adaptations statements and Annex XI.3 testing is not necessary as exposure of aquatic, sediment and soil compartment to elemental Ca is considered unlikely.
- Ca is an alkaline earth metal. When exposed to air it rapidly forms Ca oxide and nitride. Ca metal reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas. In powdered form the reaction with water is extremely rapid. In the Ca-water reaction calcium dihydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is formed. In accordance with the Ca reactivity it is classified as hazardous substance being highly flammable and water reactive substance which violently reacts with water forming flammable gas. Therefore,testing of elemental Ca for ecotoxicological endpoints is not considered technically feasible.
- Although testing of elemental Ca is not technically possible, exposure and properties of relevant Ca compounds are considered in order to cover the whole life-cycle of the substance. Also, because Ca is not naturally found in its elemental state, the decision which environmental endpoints are relevant is based on the exposure and the bioavailability considerations of Ca in its whole life-cycle taking into account possible Ca compounds that are formed. In summary, the approach in the chemical safety assessment of elemental Ca is to consider data on ecotoxicological and environmental fate properties from relevant Ca compounds, if necessary.
Testing of the ecotoxicological endpoints are not considered applicable for elemental calcium (Ca)
Elemental Ca is used in iron, steel and alloy manufacturing processes mostly in massive forms such as lumps, turnings, and strips, or granules of 2-7 mm. The exposure considerations are based on the general knowledge of the processes. Calcium’s role in the steel and alloy manufacturing processes is to scavenge the molten metal for oxygen; effectively serving as an antioxidant. The life cycle of Ca metal in these processes ends with reaction on use; therefore there is no exposure to Ca (metal form) after it is introduced into the furnace. Ca metal will immediately react under the extreme heat conditions of these processes to form calcium oxide (CaO) which may be emitted as a component of the fume or dust from the furnace, or become part of the slag.
Also, no Ca-water reactions to form Ca(OH)2 happen in these processes. In the above applications the exposure of elemental Ca to aquatic, soil and sediment compartments is unlikely.The slag formed in the use process of Ca may be applied to soil, but adverse environmental effects are not expected. See supporting information in CSR Chapter 9.
Conclusion on classification
Conclusive but not sufficient for classification.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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