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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-179-5 | CAS number: 7440-70-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Metallic calcium used in industrial processes exhibits only risk through inhalation and dermal exposure when emitted from the process as oxidated and subsequently hydroxylated form, which will release hydroxyl ions as first contact effects. This first contact effect will have alkali effects as the main irritant effect which prolonged may cause severe local alterations, including inflammation, metaplasia and hyperplasia which can ultimately lead to chronic inflammation and increased risk of development of cancer. Long-term exposure of low levels of CaO-Ca(OH)2 dust particles are expected to cause sensory irritation and decrease of the lung function parameters. Sensory irritation is the primary effect and may be prevented by STEL-level of 1 mg/m3 of respirable dust as demonstrated by an acute inhalation toxicity study (See section 7.10 of IUCLIC, Cain et al (2004)), 8h-TWA OEL was recommended to set at 4 mg/m3. Prevention of first contact to external surfaces by appropriate risk management measures will minimize the risk of these long-term effects effectively (see chapter 9 of CSR).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Metallic calcium used in industrial processes exhibits only risk through local effects from inhalation and dermal exposure when emitted from the process as oxidated and subsequently hydroxylated form, which will release hydroxyl ions as first contact effects. This first contact effect will have alkali effects as the main irritant effect.Given that dissolution is widely considered to be required prior to percutaneous absorption, this may be interpreted as a likely indication of low bioavailability via the dermal exposure route.Prolonged exposure for hydroxyl ions may cause severe local alterations, including inflammation, metaplasia and hyperplasia which can ultimately lead to chronic inflammation and increased risk of development of cancer. Long-term exposure of low levels of CaO-Ca(OH)2 dust particles are expected to cause sensory irritation and decrease of the lung function parameters. Sensory irritation is the primary effect and may be prevented by STEL-level of 4 mg/m3 of respirable dust as demonstrated by an acute inhalation toxicity study (See section 5.3 of CSR). 8h-TWA OEL was recommended to set at 1 mg/m3. Prevention of first contact to external surfaces by appropriate risk management measures will minimize the risk of these long-term effects effectively (see chapter 9 of CSR).) Based on exposure scenarios (chapter 9 of CSR) and risk characterization (chapter 10 of CSR) risk of prolonged exposure for hydroxyl ions is considered irrelevant, since RMMs are already in place within industries covered based on occupational recommendations.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Besides the local first contact effects of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide, calcium ion does not exhibit any long-term systemic effects. Since calcium levels are regulated tightly by homeostasis in the various compartments of human body systemic effects are not foreseen. Calcium serves numerous biological, cellular and transmitter properties in the human body as an essential mineral. Ubiquitous presence in the environment as various calcium compounds and presence in human diet usually as ionized soluble forms withholds the necessity for further toxicity testing and risk analysis. Absorption and excretion, as well as homeostasis (intra- and extracellular), are tightly regulated by the human body (see section 7.1 of IUCLID). Therefore, calcium and its metabolites do not accumulate in the human body and do not raise a concern for repeated-dose toxicity. There is no need for classification of calcium (metal form) for this hazard class.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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