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EC number: 231-179-5 | CAS number: 7440-70-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 19 - 21 June 2007
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliability for the original study report: 1 (reliable without restriction). Rationale: GLP study, according to the OECD 202 guideline. For read-across purpose reliability rating 2 was considered applicable.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
- Report date:
- 2007
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Although the pH increased significantly, it was not neutralized.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium dihydroxide
- EC Number:
- 215-137-3
- EC Name:
- Calcium dihydroxide
- Cas Number:
- 1305-62-0
- Molecular formula:
- CaH2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium dihydroxide
- Details on test material:
- Test item: PRECAL 50S
Active ingredient: Calcium dihydroxide
Batch no.: 7025
Content: 98.2% (w/w)
Physical appearance: white powder
Water solubility: 1.26 g/l (20°C)
Date of receipt/quantity received: Jan. 31, 2007 / approx. 2 kg
Storage requirements: store under dry conditions, tightly closed
Stability under correct storage conditions / expiry date: January 30, 2009
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Control, and all test solutions were sampled in duplicate. The duplicate sample was kept separately as a reserve. Immediately after sampling, the samples were superposed with nitrogen.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- Elendt Medium M4 was used to dilute the test item and to keep the daphnids during the period of the test. The preparation of medium M4 is described in the Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) A 5.6.
The required amount of Medium M4 was prepared not longer than 4 weeks before it was used.
During storage Medium M4 was aerated.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BATCH MEDIUM M4:
Water hardness: 250 mg/l as CaCO3.
pH: 7.6
Temperature: 21.3 °C
Dissolved oxygen: 98%
Dissolved oxygen: 8.6 mg/l
Conductivity: 600 μS/cm
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Daphnia magna (Straus), clone 5, cultured at ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH since October 11, 2000.
The organisms were originally supplied by Aventis, Frankfurt a.M.
The age of the daphnids at the beginning of the test: 6 - 24 h.
CULTURING OF DAPHNIA MAGNA:
Material of stock vessel: glass
Amount of medium per stock vessel: 1.8 l
Depth of medium in the stock vessel: 14 - 15 cm
Number of daphnids kept as stock per culture vessel: approximately 20
Separation of adult and young daphnids: 1 to 4 times per week
Medium: medium M4
Renewal of medium: approximately 2 times per week
Temperature: 20 ± 2°C
Photoperiod (light/dark): 16/8 h
Light intensity: 50 - 1000 lx
Aeration: none
Food: Algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), TetraMin, instant baker's yeast suspension
Feeding frequency: 3 times a week
One day before starting the exposure, all young daphnids were removed from selected holding vessels which contained adult daphnids aged 15 to 45 days. Al least 6 hours before placing young daphnids
into the test vessels the newborn daphnids were separated from the parental daphnids which were kept in the selected holding vessels.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 250 (mean) mg/l CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 19.1-21.7°C
- pH:
- 7.7-11.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5-8.7 mg/l O2
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0.0, 14.8, 22.2, 33.3, 50.0 and 75.0 mg/l.
- Details on test conditions:
- Number of replicates per test concentration: 4
Number of organisms per test vessel: 5
Test units: 300 ml glass beaker, covered by glass lids
Amount of test solution per test vessel: 150 - 200 ml
Test medium: Medium M4
Aeration of test vessel: none
Adjustment of pH in the test solutions: none
Renewal of the rest solution during the test: none
Feeding during exposure: none
Light regimen: 16 h light : 8 h dark
Light intensity: 354 lx (247 - 453 lx) - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- from regression curve
- Effect conc.:
- 49.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Remarks:
- Ca(OH)2
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated pH 10.9
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 33.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Remarks:
- Ca(OH)2
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: initial pH 10.1
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 75 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Remarks:
- Ca(OH)2
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: initial pH 11.1
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: some daphnids sticking to the water surface were observed at all concentrations, except the control and the highest test concentration. Daphnids with reduced swimming
activities compared to controls were observed at the 50 mg/L level.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: with increasing test item concentrations, precipitates formed over time. The formation of
precipitates is likely the result of the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and CO2 dissolved in the medium yielding poorly soluble CaCO3. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 24h-EC50 is 2.06 mg/L, which is in the range between 0.6 and 2.1 mg/L (OECD, April, 2004). Therefore the results with the reference substance are acceptable.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Initial pH values: 7.7 (control), 9.5 (14.8 mg/L), 9.7 (22.2 mg/L), 10.1 (33.3 mg/L), 10.7 (50 mg/L) and 11.1 (75 mg/L). Using nonlinear regression analysis of the initial OH- concentration against the % inhibition, resulted in an equation (r2=0.992) from which the EC50 was derived: OH- concentration of 0.000717 mol/L (i.e. 49.1 mg/L) and pH 10.9.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Immobilised daphnids in the control: 0%. Dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test in control and test vessels: 8,5 mg/l.
- Conclusions:
- A clear concentration-response relationship was observed.
The biological findings (immobilisation of the daphnids) were closely related to the initial pH and the corresponding OH- concentrations in the test solutions. At the test item concentration used in this study,
the pH values were in the range of the control pH within 24 hours. Therefore the initial pH is considered to be the main reason for the effects of the test item on the test organisms.
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