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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 270-601-2 | CAS number: 68457-13-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 169.5 µg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 3
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEC available as POD
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Chronic human data
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not required, since POD is taken from studies in workers
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- This assessment factor is introduced since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intraspecies variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intraspecies variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003). A lower factor of 3 (i.e. closer to the 90th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets) is proposed for the more homogeneous worker population. In the worker population, the more susceptible groups are typically excluded and/or may be protected from specific exposures. Thus, and in consideration of normal hygiene practices at the workplace, a lower value for the assessment factor is considered appropriate for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Weight of evidence information provide sufficiently robust data base for hazard assessment purposes.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
It is explicitly noted that pure cobalt borate neodecanoate is a pasty substance, which is not capable to create an inhalable atmosphere thus does not pose any inhalation hazard and experimental testing has per se been waived. However, due to identified downstream uses in which this substance is included in mixtures for which inhalation might be possible, cobalt borate neodecanoate was included in the read-across concept for cobalt compounds, which includes information on inhalation hazard.
During the hazard assessment DNELs -chronic inhalation for local effects were derived for the endpoint repeated dose toxicity (reported in the table above) and carcinogenicity (DNEL based on animal data = 256.4 µg/m³). As laid down in Section 1.1.4, Annex I of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, the effect which gives rise to the highest concern shall be used, thus the lowest identified DNEL for the same exposure duration and target organ will be used for the risk assessment. Thus, the DNEL(chronic inhalation, local) for the endpoint repeated dose toxicity will be used for the risk assessment of workers.
Further information on the methodology for the DNEL derivation is given in the respective reports, attached to the endpoint summary in section 7 of the IUCLID.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 26.7 µg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 15
- Dose descriptor:
- BMCL10
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- adequate data available (BMDL10 instead of NOAEL)
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- Chronic study available
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- This assessment factor is introduced since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intraspecies variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intraspecies variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003).
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Key study provides sufficiently robust data base for hazard assessment purposes.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 20 µg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- LOAEL
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 3
- Justification:
- LOAEL to NOAEL extrapolation
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 4
- Justification:
- more than 6 weeks to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Metabolism of cobalt as an inorganic substance can be excluded. There are no reasons to assume that this behaviour which is based on the physico-chemical properties of the substance will be different between rats and humans. Therefore, it is considered to be justified to apply substance-specific assessment factors accounting for a correction for differences in metabolic rate of 1 instead of using the respective default factors of 4
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- This assessment factor is introduced since it is expected that a greater variability in response from the most to least sensitive human would be seen, relative to an experimental animal population. ECETOC (2003) has reviewed scientific literature on the distribution of human data for various toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic parameters to assess intra-species variability within the human population, specifically by Renwick and Lazarus (1998) and Hattis et al. (1999). Considering that the data analysed by these authors includes both sexes, a variety of disease states and ages, the use of the 95th percentile of the distribution of the variability for these datasets is considered sufficiently conservative to account for intra-species variability for the general population. Based on this, a default assessment factor of 5 is recommended by ECETOC (2003). Specifically for the cobalt substances, it has been shown that faecal clearance has been noted to decrease as cobalt particle solubility increases. In baboons, guinea-pigs, rats (HMT and Fischer-344), mice and hamsters (Andre et al. 1989, Bailey et al. 1989, Collier et al. 1989, Patrick et al. 1989, Talbot et al. 1989), oral exposure to tricobalt tetraoxide (with 57Co tracer) resulted in little gastrointestinal absorption and a rapid elimination in faeces (>96%). No significant differences in tricobalt tetraoxide elimination were observed among species. Furthermore, it was concluded in this study series, that no organs were found to accumulate cobalt significantly following ingestion or injection administration. Cobalt dichloride, which is more soluble, was excreted primarily via faeces (70–83% of the administered dose) in rats, with urinary excretion accounting for the remainder of the dose (Gregus, Z.; Klaassen, C.D. 1986).
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Weight of evidence information provide sufficiently robust data base for hazard assessment purposes.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
It is explicitly noted that pure cobalt borate neodecanoate is a pasty substance, which is not capable to create an inhalable atmosphere thus does not pose any inhalation hazard and experimental testing has per se been waived. However, due to identified downstream uses in which this substance is included in mixtures for which inhalation might be possible, cobalt borate neodecanoate was included in the read-across concept for cobalt compounds, which includes information on inhalation hazard.
During the hazard assessment DNELs -chronic inhalation for local effects were derived for the endpoint repeated dose toxicity (DNEL based on human data = 33.9 µg/m³) and carcinogenicity (reported in the table above). As laid down in Section 1.1.4, Annex I of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, the effect which gives rise to the highest concern shall be used, thus the lowest identified DNEL for the same exposure duration and target organ will be used for the risk assessment. Thus, the DNEL(chronic inhalation, local) for the endpoint carcinogenicity will be used for the risk assessment of consumers.
Further information on the methodology for the DNEL derivation is given in the respective reports, attached to the endpoint summary in section 7 of the IUCLID.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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