Caesium sulphate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Cesium sulphate was tested in the in vitro skin irritation test using the EPISKIN model. The results obtained from this study indicated that the test item is considered to be a non-irritant (NI) [UN GHS: No Category].
No study on eye irritation in vivo with cesium sulphate is available. Consequently, read-across with cesium nitrate was performed. In conclusion, the test substance applied to the rabbits' eye mucosa, caused slight to severe conjunctival irritant effects, fully reversible within 72 hours and is thus not considered to be irritating to the eye. Accordingly, cesium sulphate is considered to have no irritating potential.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2011-07-27 to 2011-07-29

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP, CLP and Guideline compliant study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Species:

other: reconstituted human epidermis

Strain:

other: reconstituted human epidermis

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

EpiSkinTM Small Model (EpiSkinTMSM), EPISKIN SNC Lyon, France, is a three-dimensional human epidermis model. Adult human-derived epidermal keratinocytes are seeded on a dermal substitute consisting of a collagen type I matrix coated with type IV collagen. A highly differentiated and stratified epidermis model is obtained after 13-day culture period comprising the main basal, supra basal, spinous and granular layers and a functional stratum corneum. Its use for skin irritation testing involves topical application of test materials to the surface of the epidermis, and the subsequent assessment of their effects on cell viability.

Source: Skinethic, Nice, France
Batch No.: 11-EKIN-030
Expiry date: 01 August 2011

Type of coverage:

other: not applicable (reconstituted human epidermis)

Preparation of test site:

other: not applicable (reconstituted human epidermis)

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

not required

Amount / concentration applied:

The test item was applied in its original form, no formulation was required. 10 mg of the test item was applied to each EpiSkin epidermis units.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

15 min

Observation period:

Not applicable (reconstituted human epidermis)

Number of animals:

Not applicable (reconstituted human epidermis). However, in this assay 3 replicates for the test item and 3 negative controls + 3 positive controls were used.

Details on study design:

The following steps were performed under axenic conditions.

Pre-incubation (day [-1]):
The “maintenance medium” was pre-warmed to 37°C. The appropriate number of assay plate wells were filled with the pre-warmed medium (2 mL per well). The epidermis units were placed, with the media below them in contact with the epidermis, into each prepared well and then incubated overnight at 37°C in an incubator with 5% CO2.

Application (day 0):
Test Item
Epidermal surface was first moistened with 10 µL deionised water and then 10 mg of the test item was applied evenly on the skin. Test substance was spread gently with a curved flat spatula in order to cover evenly all the epidermal surface.

Positive and negative control
A volume of 10 µL positive control (SDS 5 % aq.) or negative control (1x PBS) was applied on the skin surface by using a suitable pipette. Chemicals were spread gently with the pipette tip in order to cover evenly all the epidermal surface if necessary.

Exposure (day 0):
The plates with the treated epidermis units were incubated for the exposure time of 15 minutes at room temperature.

Rinsing (day 0):
After the incubation time the EPISKIN-SM units were removed and rinsed thoroughly with PBS 1x solution (0.9%) to remove all of the test material from the epidermal surface. The rest of the PBS was removed from the epidermal surface with a suitable pipette tip linked to a vacuum source (care was taken to avoid the damage of epidermis).

Post-incubation (day 0-2):
After rinsing the units were placed into the plate wells with fresh pre-warmed “maintenance medium” (2 mL/well) below them and then incubated for 42 hours at 37°C in an incubator with 5% CO2.

MTT test after 42 hours incubation (day 2):
After the 42 hours incubation the EPISKIN-SM units were transferred into the MTT solution filled wells (2 mL of 0.3 mg/mL MTT per well) and then incubated for 3 hours at 37°C in an incubator with 5 % CO2 protected from light.

Formazan extraction (day 2):
At the end of incubation with MTT a formazan extraction was undertaken:
A disk of epidermis from each replicate was cut from the unit using a biopsy punch. The epidermis was separated with the aid of forceps and both parts (epidermis and collagen matrix) were placed into a tube of 500 µL acidified isopropanol.

The capped tubes were thoroughly mixed by using a vortex mixer to achieve a good contact of all of the material with the acidified isopropanol then incubated for about two hours at room temperature protected from light with gentle agitation (~150 rpm) for formazan extraction.

Cell viability measurements (day 2):
Following the formazan extraction, 2×200 µL samples from each tube were placed into the wells of a 96-well plate (labelled appropriately). The OD (Absorbance / Optical Density) of the samples in a 96-well plate spectrophotometer was read at 570 nm using acidified isopropanol solution blank (6×200 µL).

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

other: other: % Formazan production compared to the negative control

Value:

103

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Basis: mean. Time point: 42 h total incubation time. (migrated information)

Irritant / corrosive response data:

The results obtained from the in vitro skin irritation test in the EPISKIN model with cesium sulphate indicated a mean viability of 103 % (SD 5.02) after a total 42 h incubation time and therfore the test item is considered to be a non-irritant (NI) [UN GHS: No Category].

Other effects:

none

Interpretation of results:

not classified

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

In this in vitro skin irritation test in the EPISKIN model with test item cesium sulphate the results indicated that the test item is considered to be a non-irritant (NI) [UN GHS: No Category].

Executive summary:

In this in vitro skin irritation test using the EPISKIN model, the test item cesium sulphate did not show a significantly reduced cell viability in comparison to the negative control. All obtained test item viability results were above 50% when compared to the viability values obtained from the negative control. Positive and negative controls showed the expected cell viability values within acceptable limits, thus the experiment was considered to be valid. The results indicated that the test item revealed no skin irritantion potential under the utilised testing conditions. According to the current OECD Guideline No. 439, the test item is considered a non-irritant to skin and is therefore not classified.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2012-10-09 to 2012-10-12

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP and guideline compliant. An experimental study was performed with a structural analogous read-across substance. Please refer to IUCLID section 13 for read-across justification.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Version / remarks:

(2002)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Version / remarks:

(2008)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.2400 (Acute Eye Irritation)

Version / remarks:

(1998)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: S & K LAP Kft. 2173 Kartal, Császár út 135, HUNGARY
- Age at study initiation: Young adult rabbits
- Weight at study initiation: 2870-2925 g
- Housing: Animals were housed individually in metal cages.
- Diet: Fattening mixed diet, ad libitum
- Water: Tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 ± 3 °C
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70 %
- Air changes (per hr): 9-12 changes/hour
- Photoperiod: Artificial light, from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

other: contralateral eye

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 0. 1 g

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The eyelids were held closed gently for several seconds to prevent the loss of the test item. The contralateral eye served as control. Immediately after the administration of the test item, an assessment of the initial pain reaction was made according to the six point scale

Observation period (in vivo):

The eyes were examined at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application.

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3 animals

Details on study design:

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
None

SCORING SYSTEM: The eye irritation scores were evaluated according to the scoring system by Draize (1977) and OECD 405 (24th April 2002).

TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: Hand-slit lamp

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal #2

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal #3

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

2

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal #2

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

2

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal #3

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

2

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Remarks:

redness

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 48 h

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Remarks:

redness

Basis:

animal #2

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 48 h

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Remarks:

redness

Basis:

animal #3

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0.66

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 72 h

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 48 h

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal #2

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 48 h

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal #3

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 48 h

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Remarks:

discharge

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 48 h

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Remarks:

discharge

Basis:

animal #2

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 48 h

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Remarks:

discharge

Basis:

animal #3

Time point:

other: 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 48 h

Interpretation of results:

not irritating

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

No study on eye irritation with cesium sulphate is available. Consequently, read-across with cesium nitrate was performed. In conclusion, the test substance applied to the rabbits' eye mucosa, caused slight to severe conjunctival irritant effects, fully reversible within 72 hours and is thus not considered to be irritating to the eye. Accordingly, cesium sulphate is considered to have no irritating potential.

Executive summary:

No study on eye irritation with cesium sulphate is available. Consequently, read-across with cesium nitrate was performed. In an eye irritation test (in vivo) according to OECD No. 405 rabbits' eyes were examined at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application of the test item. One hour after the treatment, slight conjunctival redness, slight to moderate chemosis and slight to severe discharge were observed. 48 hours after the treatment, slight redness was recorded in one animal. Two animals became free of symptoms. 72 hours after treatment the study was terminated, as all animals were free of symptoms of irritation. In conclusion, the test substance applied to the rabbits' eye mucosa, caused slight to severe conjunctival irritant effects, fully reversible within 72 hours. Thus cesium nitrate is not considered to be irritating to the eye. Accordingly, cesium sulphate is considered to have no irritating potential.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Skin irritation/corrosion

In the in vitro skin irritation test using the EPISKIN model, the test item cesium sulphate did not show a significantly reduced cell viability in comparison to the negative control. All obtained test item viability results were above 50% when compared to the viability values obtained from the negative control. Positive and negative controls showed the expected cell viability values within acceptable limits, thus the experiment was considered to be valid. The results indicated that the test item revealed no skin irritantion potential under the utilised testing conditions. According to the current OECD Guideline No. 439, the test item is considered a non-irritant to skin and is therefore not classified.

Eye irritation in vitro

In this in vitro eye corrosives and severe irritants study, using the Isolated Chicken Eye model with Cesiumsulfat 99.99, no ocular corrosion or severe irritation potential was observed. Thus, according to the guideline OECD 438, Cesiumsulfat 99.99 cannot be classified as an ocular corrosive or severe eye irritant. Furthermore, the results suggest that the test item was not irritating. However, to obtain a definitive classification in relation to the irritation potential, a further in vivo rabbit study is required.

Eye irritation in vivo

No study on eye irritation in vivo with cesium sulphate is available. Consequently, read-across with cesium nitrate was performed. In an eye irritation test (in vivo) according to OECD No. 405 rabbits' eyes were examined at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application of the test item. One hour after the treatment, slight conjunctival redness, slight to moderate chemosis and slight to severe discharge were observed. 48 hours after the treatment, slight redness was recorded in one animal. Two animals became free of symptoms. 72 hours after treatment the study was terminated, as all animals were free of symptoms of irritation. In conclusion, the test substance applied to the rabbits' eye mucosa, caused slight to severe conjunctival irritant effects, fully reversible within 72 hours. Thus cesium nitrate is not considered to be irritating to the eye. Accordingly, cesium sulphate is considered to have no irritating potential.

Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
Most reliable study.

Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
No study on eye irritation in vivo is available. GLP and guideline compliant study with the structural analogous read-across substance cesium nitrate was used. Please refer to IUCLID section 13 for read-across justification.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on these study results no classification and labelling is required according to Regulation No (EC) 1272/2008 (CLP) criteria.