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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 208-807-1 | CAS number: 542-28-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.1 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 102 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No route to route extrapolation is required since a repeated dose inhalation toxicity study is available.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose-response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subchronic (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose descriptor from the underlying animal study (NOAEC) was expressed as a concentration (ppm, mg/m³) and was thus scaled according to the allometric principle. No additional factor is required.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The qualitiy of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach of the DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.8 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose-response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- When comparing subchronic to chronic exposure duration, irritation responses are considered to be mostly concentration dependent; no duration-based difference between subchronic and chronic exposure is assumed.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose descriptor from the underlying animal study (NOAEC) was expressed as a concentration (ppm, mg/m³) and was thus scaled according to the allometric principle. No additional factor is required.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The qualitiy of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach of the DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 3.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There are no relevant experimental data on repeated exposure by the dermal route available.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
The DNELs for Workers - Hazard via inhalation route were calculated with NOAECs obtained in a 90 days inhalation toxicity study in rats (OECD 413) performed with Epsilon-Caprolactone (read across, CAS 502-44-3, Bushy Run Research Centre, 1992). The following DNELs were calculated from a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test (OECD 422) performed with Delta-Valerolactone (CAS 542-28-9, BASF SE, 2013) and compared with the above DNELs in order to justify their selection on the basis of the most conservative approach. No additional read-across assessment factors were used for the derivation of the DNELs for worker - Hazard via inhalation route with Epsilon-Caprolactone.
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route, derived from the OECD 422 study (BASF SE, 2013)
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion: DNEL (Derived No Effect Level) = 11.8 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint: repeated dose toxicity (OECD 422); Route of original study: Oral
DNEL releated information
DNEL derivation method: ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF): 75
Dose descriptor starting point (after route to route extrapolation): NOAEC: 881.6 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship: 1
Justification: The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure: 6
Justification: The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scalling): 1
Justification: Respiratory interspecies differences are fully covered by the factors used for route to route extrapolation.
AF for other interspecies differences: 2.5
Justification: Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.
AF for intraspecies differences: 5
Justification: The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.
AF for the quality of the whole database: 1
Justification: The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
AF for remaining uncertainties: 1
Justification: The approach of the DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Justification and comments: The worker-DNEL long-term for inhalation route - systemic is derived from the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day, obtained in the key subacute oral repeated dose study (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test) in Wistar rats. The NOAECcorr is calculated as follows: NOAECcorr = 1000 mg/kg bw/day*(1/0.38 m³/kg bw/d)*(0.5/1)*(6.7 m³ (8h)/10 m³ (8h)) = 881.6 mg/m³, with: 1000 mg/kg bw/day: NOAEL, (1/0.38 m³/kg bw/d): correction factor for sRVrat, (0.5/1): ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human, (6.7 m³ (8h)/10 m³ (8h)): correction factor for physical activity.
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
The DNEL (long-term inhalative exposure, local effects) is considered to ensure a sufficient level of protection for the systemic effects following acute/short term inhalative exposure.
To conclude, the DNEL for the inhalative route of exposure derived from the inhalative subchronic toxicity study with Epsilon-Caprolactone (read across, CAS 502-44-3, Bushy Run Research Centre, 1992) is the most conservative approach (4.1 mg/m3 vs 11.8 mg/m3), completely justifying this key study selection.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 36.3 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No route to route extrapolation is required since a repeated dose inhalation toxicity study is available.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subchronic (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose descriptor from the underlying animal study (NOAEC) was expressed as a concentration (ppm, mg/m³) and was thus scaled according to the allometric principle. No additional factor is required.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The qualitiy of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach of the DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.5 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- When comparing subchronic to chronic exposure duration, irritation responses are considered to be mostly concentration dependent; no duration-based difference between subacute and chronic exposure is assumed.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose descriptor from the underlying animal study (NOAEC) was expressed as a concentration (ppm, mg/m³) and was thus scaled according to the allometric principle. No additional factor is required.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The qualitiy of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach of the DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.7 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- There are no relevant experimental data on repeated exposure by the dermal route available.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no DNEL required: short term exposure controlled by conditions for long-term
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.7 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- Not applicable.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
The DNELs for General population - Hazard via inhalation route were calculated with NOAECs obtained in a 90 days inhalation toxicity study (OECD 413) in rats performed with Epsilon-Caprolactone (read across, CAS 502-44-3, Bushy Run Research Centre, 1992). The following DNELs were calculated from a combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test (OECD 422) performed with Delta-Valerolactone (CAS 542-28-9, BASF SE, 2013) and compared with the above DNELs in order to justify their selection on the basis of the most conservative approach. No additional read-across assessment factors were used for the derivation of the DNELs for general population - Hazard via inhalation route with Epsilon-Caprolactone.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route, derived from the OECD 422 study (BASF SE, 2013)
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion: DNEL (Derived No Effect Level) = 2.9 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint: repeated dose toxicity (OECD 422); Route of original study: Oral
DNEL releated information
DNEL derivation method: ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF): 150
Dose descriptor starting point (after route to route extrapolation): NOAEC: 434.8 mg/m³
AF for dose response relationship: 1
Justification: The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
AF for differences in duration of exposure: 6
Justification: The default extrapolation factor for exposure duration is used: subacute (starting point) to chronic (end point).
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scalling): 1
Justification: Respiratory interspecies differences are fully covered by the factors used for route to route extrapolation.
AF for other interspecies differences: 2.5
Justification: Recommended AF for other interspecies differences.
AF for intraspecies differences: 10
Justification: The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.
AF for the quality of the whole database: 1
Justification: The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
AF for remaining uncertainties: 1
Justification: The approach of the DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Justification and comments: The general population-DNEL long-term for inhalation route - systemic is derived from the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg bw/day, obtained in the key subacute oral repeated dose study in (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction Developmental Toxicity Screening Test) Wistar rats (BASF SE,2013). The NOAECcorr is calculated as follows: NOAECcorr = 1000 mg/kg bw/day*(1/1.15 m³/kg bw/d)*(0.5/1) = 434.8 mg/m³, with: 1000 mg/kg bw/day: NOAEL, (1/1.15 m³/kg bw/d): correction factor for sRVrat, (0.5/1): ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human.
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
The DNEL (long-term inhalative exposure, local effects) is considered to ensure a sufficient level of protection for the systemic effects following acute/short term inhalative exposure.
To conclude, the DNEL for the inhalative route of exposure derived from the inhalative subchronic toxicity study with Epsilon-Caprolactone (read across, CAS 502-44-3, Bushy Run Research Centre, 1992) is the most conservative approach (0.7 mg/m3 vs 2.9 mg/m3), completely justifying this key study selection.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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