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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 237-149-8 | CAS number: 13669-76-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
In water, the phosphoric - boron trifluoride complex rapidly decomposes to form phosphoric acid and boron trifluoride dihydrate. The latter reacts further to boric acid and fluoroboric acid, which finally hydrolyses to yield hydrofluoric acid/ fluoride ions (BUA, 2005). The assessment of long-term toxicity is therefore based on the products of hydrolysis.
In general, the total phosphorus concentration including phosphate in rivers and lakes reaches levels of several ppm, suggesting that phosphate has no toxic effects (Kim et al. 2012).
The EU Risk Assessment Report for boric acid offers a review of the long-term data available. Longer exposures to boron have been tested, giving chronic or sub-chronic study results. A 34 day study following OECD 210 methods using Brachydanio rerio showed a NOEC value for mortality, growth and condition of 5.6 mg-B/L (Hooftmann et al. 2000). This is the single fish study fully compliant with standard guidelines. However this data is not public. Another study with Brachydanio rerio eggs and embryos showed no toxic effects at exposures less than 10 mmol B/L (Rowe et al., 1998). A NOEC was estimated at 75 mg/L.
Several studies were conducted by Birge and Black (1977) for embryo-larval stages of rainbow trout, goldfish, largemouth bass and channel catfish and are reported as 7 to 9 day embryo-larval stage (ELS) tests. In their 1977 report to their funding agency, Birge and Black reported low level effects to trout (an EC1) at 0.001 mg-B/L, with embryonic mortality and teratogenesis as the endpoints in their 28 day study. This value was an extrapolation from observed data to an unmeasured concentration and was not corrected for control responses. This value was not consistent when the work was repeated. In subsequent work, Black et al. (1993) reported consistent LOEC values at 0.1 mg-B/L for trout in reconstituted water. However, when using waters containing 0.23 to 0.75 mg-B/L, effects were seen only at 1.0 mg added B/L and higher. A longer (87 day) test showed no effects at concentrations up to 18 mg- B/L. Black et al. also collected data on boron concentrations in streams with wild populations of rainbow trout and where trout hatcheries are in operation. They found that wild trout populations survived in streams with 0.01 to 13.1 mg-B/L. They concluded that a concentration of 0.75 to 1.0 mg-B/L appeared to be a “reasonable environmentally acceptable limit” for aquatic systems.
Other reviews pointed out limitations of the 1977 trout values. Guhl (1992) pointed out that the control responses were reported by Birge and Black to be about 12% mortality, but the other data were not adjusted to recognize this baseline. Consequently, reporting a 4-6% response as a significant effect is problematic. Guhl pointed out that the later OECD guidelines permit 30% control mortality, suggesting that smaller responses cannot be relied upon, given the practical limitations of the test. Other studies of field populations showed rainbow trout hatcheries operating inandwith local waters containing up to 0.272 mg-B/L without evident difficulties (Unilever, 1994). Additional information came with demonstration that boron is essential for rainbow trout, zebrafish, and frogs (Eckhert, 1998, Rowe et al., 1998, Fort et al., 1998). The essentiality threshold for rainbow trout appears to be at about 0.1 mg-B/L so tests run with lower concentrations may lead to boron deficiencies.
Because of this and other limitations, the Birge and Black trout studies were rated “Not reliable” and not used in derivation of a PNEC.
Dyer (2001) obtained the original data from the Birge and Black (1977) studies, as well as later data on trout and largemouth bass from Birge and Black (1981) and Birge et al. (1984). Dyer recalculated LC10 values for Oncorhynchus mykiss (trout), Carassius auratus (goldfish), Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) and Micropterus salmoide s(largemouth bass). The data for the catfish, goldfish and bass were not as extreme, so have not generated as much controversy and follow-on research. Because the LC10 endpoint is consistent with current practice, the recalculated values were regarded as “reliable with restriction.”
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