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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 295-032-7 | CAS number: 91782-60-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Sensitisation data (human)
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sensitisation data (humans)
- Type of information:
- other: human data
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- other: not rated acc. to Klimisch
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Any kind of reliability rating is not considered to be applicable, since human studies/reports are not conducted/reported according to standardised guidelines.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Contact sensitization to allergens in the Spanish standard series at hospital Costa del Sol in Marbella, Spain: A retrospective study (2005-2010)
- Author:
- Aguilar-Bernier, M. et al.
- Year:
- 2 012
- Bibliographic source:
- Actas Dermosifiliogr. 103 (3): 223-228.
Materials and methods
- Type of sensitisation studied:
- skin
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A retrospective study of patients with suspected contact dermatitis was undertaken at Hospital Costa del Sol in Marbella, Spain, for the period between January
1, 2005 and December 31, 2010; 839 patients were included in the analysis. Patch tests were carried out with 34 allergens, including the 29 compounds that comprise the Spanish standard panel proposed by the GEIDAC. Cobalt chloride (1% in pet) was one of the allergens tested. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cobalt dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-589-4
- EC Name:
- Cobalt dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7646-79-9
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2Co
- IUPAC Name:
- cobalt(2+) dichloride
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): cobalt chloride
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 839 patients
- Sex: 531 women (63.3%) and 308 men (36.8%)
- Age: 12-90 years (mean age: 45 years) - Clinical history:
- Area of the skin affected, diagnosis, and personal history of atopy were recorded. The patient’s occupation was also noted when this information was available.
- Controls:
- no data
- Route of administration:
- dermal
- Details on study design:
- TYPE OF TEST(S) USED: patch test (epicutaneous test)
ADMINISTRATION
The tests were performed with a standard series of 34 allergens, including the 29 compounds recommended by the GEIDAC. All the patients were tested with approved allergens (T.R.U.E TEST and Martí-Tor) applied using Curatest patch strips. The tests were performed using the standard procedure, and patients were instructed to avoid excessive movement, activities that cause sweating, and bathing.
EXAMINATIONS
- Grading/Scoring system: readings were taken at 48 and 96 hours, although only the positive results at 96 hours were included in the analysis. Patients who developed erythematous papular or vesicular lesions were considered to have positive reactions; the intensity of the reaction was graded as +, ++, or +++ according to the recommendations of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Only clearly positive or negative reactions were included in the final analysis. Equivocal and irritant reactions (<1%) were not considered.
- Statistical analysis: the frequency distribution of all the study variables were analysed and a forward stepwise multiple logistic regression model for the dependent variable (presence or absence of sensitization) was built, with an entry criterion of P = .05 and an exit criterion of P = 0.1. Odds ratios were presented with 95% CIs. Statistical significance was set at a level of P less than .05, and data were analysed using SPSS version 15.0.
The clinical relevance of the results, assessed on the basis of positivity, clinical manifestations, and history of exposure, was also recorded for each patient.
Results and discussion
- Results of examinations:
- - 4.5% of the patients reacted positive to cobalt chloride (1% in Pet)
- 28 females (5.3%) and 10 males (3.2%) showed a positive reaction to cobalt chloride (1% in Pet)
- analysis by age group showed that the prevalence of contact dermatitis increased with age.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- 4.5% of the 839 patients reacted positive to cobalt chloride (1% in Pet). Of these 839 patients 28 patients were females (5.3%) and 10 patients were males (3.2%). Analysis by age group showed that the prevalence of contact dermatitis increased with age.
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