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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 208-759-1 | CAS number: 540-84-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Acute toxicity oral LD50 >5000 mg/kg bw in rats (OECD TG 401)
Acute toxicity dermal LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw in rabbits (OECD TG 402)
Acute toxicity inhalation LC50 >33520 mg/m³ in rats (OECD TG 403)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Limit test with 5000 mg/kg versus 2000 mg/kg as per guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.1100 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Limit test with 5000 mg/kg versus 2000 mg/kg as per guideline
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Doses:
- 5000 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: observations daily; weighing on initiation and on days 7 and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight - Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 5 000 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- No mortality occurred in any test animal over the 14-day observation period.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Clinical observations noted one-hour post exposure in 8 of 10 animals included depression, salivation, wheezing, rough coat, and soft feces. Two female rats appeared normal throughout the study. All animals appeared normal from day 2 through termination
- Gross pathology:
- No abnormal gross pathology findings were noted in any of the animals upon necropsy.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not classified
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: GHS, EU, 2007
- Conclusions:
- Based on the study design the test substance, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, needs not to be classified.
- Executive summary:
Based on the study design the test substance, 2,2,4 -trimethylpentane, needs not to be classified.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- > 5 000 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- 1 key substance specific study available for assessment.
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment. Vapour generation and analysis not well documented.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- - limit test concentration: 5 mg/L
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.1300 (Acute inhalation toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- 33.52 mg/L nominal concentration
21561.5 ± 776.32 ppm mean analytical concentration - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: day 2, 3, and 4 mentioned, not further specified
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight - Statistics:
- not reported
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 33.52 mg/L air (nominal)
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- No mortality occurred during the 14-day observattion period.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Exposure-related observations noted in all animals during the exposure period included lying prostrate in the cage and rapid respiration. All animals appeared normal throughout the post exposure period.
- Body weight:
- Sightly decreased body weights were noted in the males on day 2 post exposure and in the females on days 2, 3 and 4 post exposure.
- Gross pathology:
- No abnormal gross pathology observations were noted in any animals upon necropsy.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not classified
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: GHS, EU, 2007
- Conclusions:
- Based on the study design the test substance, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, needs not to be classified.
- Executive summary:
Based on the study design the test substance, 2,2,4 -trimethylpentane needs not to be classified.
Reference
Inhalation LC50 > 33.52 mg/L air (nominal) for 4 hours in male and female rats.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Value:
- > 33 520 mg/m³ air
- Physical form:
- inhalation: vapour
- Quality of whole database:
- 1 key substance specific study available for assessment.
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Only 3 animals per sex versus 5 as per guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.1200 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Only 3 animals per sex versus 5 as per guideline
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Sex:
- male/female
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on dermal exposure:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 2000 mg/kg bw - Duration of exposure:
- 24 hours
- Doses:
- 2000 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 3
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: observation continuous, weighing on initiation and days 7 and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, dermal score - Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- No mortality occurred during the 14-day observation period.
- Clinical signs:
- other: All rabbits appeared normal throughout the study. Very slight dermal erythema was noted in all animals on day 1 after dosing, which persisted in one male and one female on day 3. All erythema had cleared by day 7. Very slight edema was noted in two males
- Gross pathology:
- No abnormal gross pathology was noted in any rabbits upon necropsy.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not classified
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: GHS, EU, 2007
- Conclusions:
- Based on the study design the test substance, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, needs not to be classified.
- Executive summary:
Based on the study design the substance, 2,2,4 -trimethylpentane, needs not to be classified.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- 1 key substance specific study available for assessment.
Additional information
Oral
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
The acute oral LD50 value in rats was greater than 5000 mg/kg for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Clinical observations noted one-hour post exposure in 8 of 10 animals included depression, salivation, wheezing, rough coat, and soft faeces. Two female rats appeared normal throughout the study. All animals appeared normal from day 2 through termination of the study. (Chevron Phillips, 1982).
Inhalation
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (5/sex/dose) were exposed to 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at a nominal concentration of 33520 mg/m³ (21561.5 ± 776.32 ppm mean analytical concentration) for 4 h in a study similar to OECD 403 (limit test). No mortality occurred during the 14-day observation period. Exposure-related observations noted in all animals during the exposure period included lying prostrate in the cage and rapid respiration. All animals appeared normal throughout the post exposure period. No abnormal gross pathology observations were noted in any animal upon necropsy. The LC50 value was greater than the nominal concentration of 33520 mg/m³ (Chevron Phillips, 1982).
Dermal
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
The dermal LD50 value of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, as determined in rabbits, was greater than the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg. All rabbits appeared normal throughout the study. Very slight dermal erythema was noted in all animals on day 1 after dosing, which persisted in one male and one female on day 3. All erythema had cleared by day 7. Very slight oedema was noted in two males and one female on day 1 and cleared by day 3. Epidermal scaling was noted in one female on day 10 (Chevron Phillips, 1982).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on available data, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is minimally toxic via ingestion where the LD50 is >5000 mg/kg bw, via dermal exposure where the LD50 is >2000 mg/kg bw, and by inhalation where the LC50 is >33520 mg/m3. These findings do not warrant classification under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).
2,2,4-trimethylpentane is classified under EU CLP guidelines as H336: STOT Single Exposure Category 3 (narcosis) based on non-lethal narcotic effects observed in acute inhalation exposure.
2,2,4-trimethylpentane is classified under EU CLP guidelines as a Category 1 aspiration hazard based on its physical and chemical properties (hydrocarbon fluid, viscosity ≤ 20.5 mm2/s).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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