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EC number: 273-749-6 | CAS number: 69012-50-6 Product of blowing smelted nickel ore in a converter to lower the iron content.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-04-22 through 2009-07-16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study (OECD #405)
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not Applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Matte, nickel
- EC Number:
- 273-749-6
- EC Name:
- Matte, nickel
- Cas Number:
- 69012-50-6
- Molecular formula:
- Not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Nickel matte
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): nickel matte (Code #117)
- Substance type: test substance
- Physical state: black solid
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: (Ni, Fe)9S8 pentlandite 10-15%, Ni-Fe-Cu alloy - 70-75%, Cu3.8 Ni - 2.50%, NiFeS2 - 5.57%, Cu1.8S - 1.00%, FeAs04 - 1.07%, Si02 -0.08%, MgO - 0.04%, CaO - 0.04%, and CoS - 4.52%.
- Stability under test conditions: expected to be stable for the duration of testing
- Storage condition of test material: kept in a tightly closed container
- Documentation of the methods of synthesis, fabrication, or derivation of the test substance is retained by Norilsk Nickel Harjavalta Oy. Teollisuuskatu I. FIN
29200 Harjavalta.
- Expiration date was not applicable
- Other: Code #N117, insoluble in water
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: New Zealand albino
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Robinson Services Inc, Clemmons NC
- Age at study initiation: young adult
- Housing: singly housed in suspended stainless stell caging with mesh floors; litter paper was placed beneath the cage and changed at least three times per week
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): not specified; Pelleted Purina Rabbit Chow #5326.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad-libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days
- No known contaminants reasonably expected to be found in the food or water at levels that would have interfered with the results of the study.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-21°C
- Humidity (%): 45-56%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light/dark cycle
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: left eye (untreated) served as control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): one-tenth of a gram (one drop)
- Prior to use the test sample was ground in a coffee mill (Cuisinart, Model DCG-20). - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Test substance instilled into the conjunctival sac of the right eye; upper and lower lids were then gently held together for about one second before releasing to minimize loss of the test substance
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 72 hours (scoring conducted at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours) post instillation
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
-
SCORING SYSTEM: Scale for Scoring Ocular Lesions (scores 0-4, according to Draize et al 1944)
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: high-intensity, white light (Maglite), fluorescein dye procedure (one drop of 2% opthalmic fluorescein sodium was instilled into the treated eye, then rinsed with physiological saline [0.9%] NaCl approximately after instillation of the dye)
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- maximum mean total score (MMTS)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- other: practically non-irritating
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- other: practically non-irritating
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 1.3
- Max. score:
- 110
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 24 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- other: practically non-irritating
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 110
- Remarks on result:
- other: non irritating
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 110
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-irritating
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Incidence of Positive Effects (1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h): No positive effects were observed for Corneal Opacity, Iritis or Conjunctivitis at any of the time points.
- Other effects:
- All animals appeared active and healthy during the study. Apart from the eye irritation, no other signs of gross toxicity, adverse pharmacologic effects, or abnormal behavior were observed.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Individual scores for ocular irritation:
Animal 1 (Rabbit No 3401)
Time Point | 1 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h |
I. Cornea | ||||
A. Opacity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
B. Area | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
(AxB) x 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
II. Iris | ||||
A. Values | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A x 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
III. Conjunctivae | ||||
A. Redness | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
B. Chemosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C. Discharge | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(A+B+C) x 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Animal #2 (Rabbit No 3402)
Time point | 1 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h |
I. Cornea | ||||
A. Opacity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
B. Area | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
(AxB) x 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
II. Iris | ||||
A. Values | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A x 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
III. Conjunctivae | ||||
A. Redness | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
B. Chemosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C. Discharge | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(A+B+C) x 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Animal 3 (Rabbit No 3403)
Time Point | 1 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h |
I. Cornea | ||||
A. Opacity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
B. Area | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
(AxB) x 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
II. Iris | ||||
A. Values | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A x 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
III. Conjunctivae | ||||
A. Redness | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
B. Chemosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C. Discharge | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(A+B+C) x 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: minimally irritating
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: Kay and Calandra 1962 (Interpretation of eye irritation tests, J Soc Cos Chem; 13:281-289)
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, nickel matte is classified as minimally irritating to the eye.
- Executive summary:
Eurofins Product Safety Laboratory (EPSL) conducted a primary eye irritation study in rabbits according to OECD Test #405 and using GLP standards. The study was completed on 2009-07 -16 and the final report issued on 2009-07 -16. Nickel matte (one-tenth of a gram, or 0.10 grams) was instilled into the right eye of three healthy female rabbits to determine the potential to produce irritation. The left eye served as a control in each animal. Ocular irritation was then evaluated according to Draize et. al. (1944) at multiple time points (1, 24 48 and 72 hours) following instillation. Individual animals were assessed for effects in the cornea, iris, and conjunctivae, as well as other lesions, gross toxicity, and behavioral changes. In the treated eyes, no corneal opacity,
iritis, or positive conjunctivitis was observed in any of the animals, though all three treated eyes exhibited irritation one hour after instillation. All observed effects were reversible; incidence and severity of irritation decreased with time and all animals were free of ocular irritation by 48 hours. Aside from eye irritation, no other signs of gross toxicity, adverse pharmacologic effects, or abnormal behavior were observed in the animals. Using the classification system of Kay and Calandra (1962), the time interval with the highest mean score (Maximum Mean Total Score, MMTS) of 2.0 was used to classify nickel matte as minimally irritating to the eye under the conditions of this study. STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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