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EC number: 266-039-2 | CAS number: 65997-03-7 The low boiling fraction obtained by the distillation of tall oil. Contains fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic as well as neutral materials.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
As described in Section 1, TOH is a UVCB substance containing at least 80 different constituents. No in vitro or in vivo toxicokinetic studies are available for the whole product and it would not be scientifically feasible to conduct such a test.
The constituents of TOH are all naturally occurring secondary metabolites of pine trees and many other types of plant. Fatty acid constituents in particular are an important dietary source for humans, and the sterol constituent β-sitosterol is used as a supplement in certain types of fat spreads due to its cholesterol-lowering properties.
Metabolism and other biological behaviour of these constituents has been extensively reported in the published literature and, in the absence of significant toxicological effects (see Sections 5.2-5.9), it is not necessary for the purposes of this CSR to describe these in detail.
Some toxicity studies, for example the repeated oral exposure with the related substance Distilled Tall Oil (Clubb and Daly, 2002), show clear evidence of absorption and distributionin vivo(particularly to the liver). Uptake via micellar solubilisation is an important mechanism for substances with log Kow >4 and low water solubility (REACH Technical Guidance Chapter R7c).
In the available dermal toxicity studies, which are read-across from the related substances Crude Tall Oil (Bernat, 2005), and Tall Oil Pitch (ARC, 2005a), there were no clinical signs of toxicity or gross pathological findings at the limit dose level of 2000 mg/kg/day. It is therefore not possible to determine if any dermal absorption occurred. Dermal absorption is optimal for substances with log Kow 2-3, and is favourable for those with log Kow in the range 0-4. All the constituents of TOH have log Kow >4 in the neutral form (relevant for dermal exposure). For those in the log Kow range 4-6, the rate of penetration may be limited by the rate of transfer between the stratum corneum and the epidermis, but uptake into the stratum corneum will be high. Above 6, the rate of transfer between the stratum corneum and the epidermis will be slow and will limit absorption across the skin. Uptake into the stratum corneum itself may be slow. (REACH Technical Guidance Chapter R7c).
Significant inhalation exposure is not expected for this non-volatile substance, and no toxicity data are available for this exposure route.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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