Lead, dross

Additional physico-chemical information

Administrative data

Endpoint:

other: representative mineralogy

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: non GLP but other quality assurance

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Chemistry /elemental analysis was determined using ICP (inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy). Metal speciation/metal mineralogy was assessed from Sequential extraction/metal analysis and mineralogical analysis (XRD and microscopes equipped with EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) and WDS (Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry) analysers. The interpretation of the overall results was performed by expert (with profound knowledge of metal particularities).

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

other quality assurance

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Lead, dross

EC Number:

273-796-2

EC Name:

Lead, dross

Cas Number:

69029-52-3

Molecular formula:

Molecular weigth/formula concept not applicable to Inorganic UVCB (comlex metal containing substance)

IUPAC Name:

Lead, dross

Results and discussion

Results:

The studied Lead dross sample 09TT11163 contains 75% lead, 5.3% tin, 3.9% antimony, 3.2% sulphur, 1.9% iron, 1.5% Cu, 0.4% arsenic and traces of other elements.
The studied Lead dross sample 09TT09777 contains 92.7% lead, 1% antimony, 0.9% zinc, 0.2% SiO2, 0.2% silver, 0.1% arsenic, 0.1% Na2O, and traces of other elements.
The studied Lead dross sample 09TT11162 contains 64.8% lead, 12.4% Na2O, 7.4% MgO, 2.1% CaO, 0.65% tin, 0.2% carbon, 0.1% SiO2 and traces of other elements.

The studied Lead dross sample 09TT11163 consists mainly of metallic lead (58%) and lead antimony oxides (14.9%). Other notable mineral phases are galena, PbS (9.5%), cassiterite, SnO2 (6.6%), tin lead oxide (3.6%), chalcopyrite (2.6%), lead arsenic iron oxides (1.5%) and pyrite (1.5%). Bornite, other alloys, lead oxides and sulphates occur as accessory minerals. Metallic lead is the main lead carrier where as copper and iron is mainly carried by chalcopyrite. Antimony and arsenic is mainly carried by lead antimony oxides. Cassiterite carries 64% total tin of this sample.
The studied Lead dross sample 09TT09777 consists mainly of metallic lead (94.7%), lead oxides (2.7%) and sorosite, Cu3Sb (1.1%). Zincite, lead zinc oxides, metallic silver and iron occur as accessory minerals. Lead mainly distributed in metallic lead. Zincite is the main carrier of zinc and antimony is carried by sorosite.
The studied Lead dross sample 09TT11162 consists mainly of fine-grained sodium lead oxides (60.9%), lead oxides (24.9%) and Mg, Ca, Na, Pb, Zn –bearing oxides / hydroxides / hydrates (11.1%). Lead silicate, metallic lead and zincite occur as accessory minerals. Lead in mainly in oxidized form and it is mainly carried by sodium lead oxides (60.7%) and lead oxides (37.2%).

Any other information on results incl. tables

Chemical composition of reference samples

ORC ref.			OR11	OR28	OR34
Sample			2000171/26	2000171/20	2000171/25
Lab code			09TT11163	09TT09777	09TT11162
Substance			Lead dross	Lead, dross	Lead dross
EINECS			273-796-2	273-796-2	273-796-2
Consortium reference No.			2	10	10
Ag	KEM	%	< 0.002	0.165	0.004
B	KEM	%	N/A	N/A	N/A
Bi	TOT	%	< 0.05	<0.01	<0.009
Cd	TOT	%	0.015	0.004	<0.004
Co	TOT	%	< 0.002	<0.01	<0.004
Mo	TOT	%	< 0.002	<0.003	<0.004
Sb	TOT	%	3.88	0.95	<0.004
Se	TOT	%	0.037	<0.007	<0.004
Sn	TOT	%	5.32	0.047	0.026
Te	TOT	%	< 0.01	<0.02	<0.019
Zn	TOT	%	0.046	0.87	0.646
SiO2	KEM	%	0.36	0.21	0.138
Al2O3	TOT	%	0.022	0.068	<0.007
CaO	TOT	%	0.043	0.042	2.14
Cr2O3	TOT	%	< 0.003	<0.01	<0.005
K2O	TOT	%	< 0.06	<0.1	<0.113
MgO	TOT	%	< 0.003	<0.01	7.35
MnO	TOT	%	< 0.003	<0.01	<0.005
Na2O	TOT	%	0.36	0.12	12.4
(SO4)2	KEM	%	0.72	0.047	<0.022
S	LECO	%	3.24	0.02	<0.01
C	LECO	%	0.08	0.1	0.19
Satmagan		%	0	0	0

ORC ref.			OR11	OR28	OR34
Sample			2000171/26	2000171/20	2000171/25
Lab code			09TT11163	09TT09777	09TT11162
Substance			Lead dross	Lead, dross	Lead dross
EINECS			273-796-2	273-796-2	273-796-2
Consortium reference No.			2	10	10
As	P1	%	< 0.004	<0.004	<0.008
	P2	%	0.20	0.04	<0.019
	P3	%	< 0.005	<0.005	<0.009
	P4	%	0.076	0.061	<0.004
	PSUM	%	0.28	0.10	<0.019
	TOT	%	0.38	0.10	<0.004
Cu	P1	%	< 0.004	<0.004	<0.008
	P2	%	0.029	<0.010	<0.019
	P3	%	0.44	0.021	<0.009
	P4	%	0.96	0.018	<0.004
	PSUM	%	1.43	0.039	<0.019
	TOT	%	1.49	0.019	<0.004
Fe	P1	%	< 0.004	<0.004	<0.008
	P2	%	0.29	<0.010	<0.019
	P3	%	0.014	<0.005	<0.010
	P4	%	1.24	0.008	<0.004
	PSUM	%	1.54	0.008	<0.019
	TOT	%	1.85	0.014	0.022
Ni	P1	%	< 0.004	<0.004	<0.008
	P2	%	0.027	<0.010	<0.019
	P3	%	< 0.005	<0.005	<0.009
	P4	%	0.18	0.011	<0.004
	PSUM	%	0.21	0.011	<0.019
	TOT	%	0.25	0.013	<0.004
Pb	P1	%	0.18	1.00	1.52
	P2	%	0.21	0.33	0.43
	P3	%	1.21	1.19	1.70
	P4	%	71.4	84.10	61.80
	PSUM	%	73.00	86.62	65.45
	TOT	%	75.00	92.70	64.80

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Good quality study that assessed full chemistry and mineralogy of two representative samples of lead dross. The mineralogy (and the distribution pattern for each key element, i.e. % from Total into the various mineralogical forms/species present into the UVCB) of the reference samples can be used to derive the classification of lead dross samples (mixture toxicity rules).

Executive summary:

The studied Lead dross sample 09TT11163 consists mainly of metallic lead (58%) and lead antimony oxides (14.9%). Other notable mineral phases are galena, PbS (9.5%), cassiterite, SnO2 (6.6%), tin lead oxide (3.6%), chalcopyrite (2.6%), lead arsenic iron oxides (1.5%) and pyrite (1.5%). Bornite, other alloys, lead oxides and sulphates occur as accessory minerals. Metallic lead is the main lead carrier where as copper and iron is mainly carried by chalcopyrite. Antimony and arsenic is mainly carried by lead antimony oxides. Cassiterite carries 64% total tin of this sample. The studied Lead dross sample by 09TT09777 consists mainly of metallic lead (94.7%), lead oxides (2.7%) and sorosite, Cu3Sb (1.1%). Zincite, lead zinc oxides, metallic silver and iron occur as accessory minerals. Lead mainly distributed in metallic lead. Zincite is the main carrier of zinc and antimony is carried by sorosite. The studied Lead dross sample 09TT11162 consists mainly of fine-grained sodium lead oxides (60.9%), lead oxides (24.9%) and Mg, Ca, Na, Pb, Zn –bearing oxides / hydroxides / hydrates (11.1%). Lead silicate, metallic lead and zincite occur as accessory minerals. Lead in mainly in oxidized form and it is mainly carried by sodium lead oxides (60.7%) and lead oxides (37.2%).

The mineralogy of the reference samples can be used to derive the classification of the samples but also to predict the mineralogy of other lead dross samples. The calculator sheet, which is used to derive the classification and which reflects particular assumptions that are made, can be found in attachment above (attached background material).