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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-777-6 | CAS number: 110-54-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- other:
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Measured levels in air for n-hexane and metabolites in urine of exposed worker but no information provided regarding GLP or ethical approvals.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Urinary excretion of the metabolites of n-hexane and its isomers during occupational exposure
- Author:
- Perbellini, L, Brugnone, F, Faggionato, G.
- Year:
- 1 981
- Bibliographic source:
- Brit J Indust Med 38:20-26.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- N-hexane
- EC Number:
- 203-777-6
- EC Name:
- N-hexane
- Cas Number:
- 110-54-3
- Molecular formula:
- C6H14
- IUPAC Name:
- hexane
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- Solvent levels measured in several workplace locations in shoe factories. Urine was collected from workers at the end of afternoon shift. Metabolites of hexane were tested in the urine samples using acid extraction.
- Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE: Inhalation
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: Area air sampling and Biomonitoring (urine)
EXPOSURE LEVELS: 32–500 mg/m3 n-hexane; mean concentration was 183 mg/m3; median was 1600 mg/m3
EXPOSURE PERIOD: 1 day
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Metabolism of n-hexane in humans primarily forms 2,5-hexanedione according to this study, which identified this metabolite along with 2,5-dimethylfuran, (-valerolactone, and 2-hexanol in the urine of 41 shoe workers exposed to hexane solvents that contained n-hexane. The mean concentrations, determined following acid extraction of the urine, were 5.4 ± 4.9, 3.7 ± 4.1, 3.3 ± 2.7, and 0.19 ± 0.26 mg/L, respectively. n-Hexane exposure correlated well both with total metabolites (r = 0.7858) and with 2-hexanol (r = 0.6851) and 2,5-hexanedione (r = 0.6725) individually.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Perbellini et al. (1981) measured metabolites in shoe workers exposed to n-hexane. Mean concentrations of n-hexane metabolites in urine were: 2,5-hexanedione, 5.4 mg/L; 2,5-dimethylfuran, 3.7 mg/L; gamma-valerolactone, 3.3 mg/L; and 2-hexanol, 0.19 mg/L. (2,5-Dimethylfuran and gammavalerolactone were believed to be artifacts of sample preparation and analysis rather than true metabolites of nhexane) (ATSDR 1999). The first reaction that takes place is hydroxylation of n-hexane at the 2 position to form 2-hexanol. Further reactions result in 2,5-hexanedione, presumably through transient intermediates, including 2-hexanone, 2,5-hexanediol, and 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone. Correlations between concentrations of n-hexane in air and urinary metabolites were best for total n-hexane metabolites (r=0.7858), followed by 2 -hexanol (r=0.6851) and 2,5 -hexanedione (r=0.6725).
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