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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 207-439-9 | CAS number: 471-34-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: short-term
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
Bulk calcium carbonate and uncoated nano calcium carbonate are chemically identical. The only difference between them is the particle size, which may result in minor differences in physico-chemical properties. However, in biological systems and in the environment, both bulk and uncoated nano calcium carbonate are expected to have identical (eco)toxicological and environmental fate properties.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
Uncoated nano calcium carbonate (Source): Refer to IUCLID section 1.2 for information on purity and impurities.
Bulk calcium carbonate (Target): Refer to IUCLID section 1.2 for information on purity and impurities.
The majority of new studies have been performed using uncoated nano calcium carbonate as the test material, hence it has been designated as the ‘Source’ in the read-across justification. However, for some endpoints data on bulk calcium carbonate are available and used to read-across to uncoated nano calcium carbonate so for these endpoints, marked with a * in the read-across justification document, bulk calcium carbonate is the ‘Source’.
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
Please refer to the justification attached in Section 13 of the dataset
4. DATA MATRIX
Please refer to the justification attached in Section 13 of the dataset - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 207 (Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Some of the temperatures were observed to be slightly in excess of the 20 ± 2 °C given in the study plan. However, this deviation was considered not to have affected the outcome or the validity of the test.
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality and sub-lethal effects
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The acute toxicity of uncoated nano calcium carbonate to the earthworm Eisenia foetida has been investigated in a GLP artificial soil test performed in accordance with OECD Guideline 207. The 14 day LC50 value was >1000 mg/kg and the NOEC was 1000 mg/kg.
No long-term studies on terrestrial invertebrates are available .
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Acute Toxicity:
The key study for short term toxicity (Goodband, 2010) was performed to OECD TG 207 and in accordance with GLP. The study assessed the acute toxicity of uncoated nano calcium carbonate to Eisenia foetida in a limit test. There were no significant mortalities or sub-lethal effects observed as a result of exposure to uncoated nano calcium carbonate at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg in soil. Hence, the 14 day LC50 value was >1000 mg/kg and the NOEC was 1000 mg/kg. Uncoated nano calcium carbonate is therefore not toxic to earthworms up to a concentration of 1000 mg/kg.
Uncoated nano calcium carbonate was tested because it was anticipated to represent the worst case as it is likely to be more soluble than bulk calcium carbonate due to the smaller particle size and hence greater surface area. However, the results are directly applicable to bulk calcium carbonate.
Long Term Toxicity:
Calcium carbonate and calcium and carbonate ions are ubiquitous in the environment and are found naturally in soil, water and sediment.Calcium is an important constituent of most soils and the minerals found in soil are mostly compounds of calcium with other substances. Furthermore, calcium carbonate is used as an inorganic fertiliser to improve soil quality, both pH and structure and guarantees an adequate supply of calcium to plants.
Furthermore, in the acute toxicity study to earthworms there were no significant mortalities or sub-lethal effects of exposure observed in 60 earthworms exposed to uncoated nano calcium carbonate for a period of 14 days. As a result, calcium carbonate is considered not acutely toxic to earthworms and hence long term testing is considered to be unnecessary
Given the extensive and continued use of calcium carbonate as a constituent of fertiliser and its natural occurrence in the environment, it is considered that calcium carbonate would not have a detrimental effect on soil macroorganisms. Therefore, the performance of long term toxicity tests on terrestrial organisms is scientifically unjustified.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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