(1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol hydrochloride

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Effects on fertility

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Remarks:

based on test type (migrated information)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted to OECD guidelines and GLP

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany.
- Age at study initiation: Approximately 10-12 weeks.
- Weight at study initiation: All animals were within +/- 20% of the sex mean.
- Housing: Males and females were housed in groups of 5 in macrolon cages. During mating, males and females were caged together in macrolon cages. During lactation, pups were kept with the dams until termination.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Free access to pelleted rodent diet, except during motor activity assessments for the selected males and females, and for 24 hours prior to blood chemistry sampling.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Free access to tap water, except during motor activity assessments for the selected males and females.
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days prior to the start of treatment

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18 - 24°C
- Humidity (%): 40 - 70%
- Air changes (per hr): 10 room air changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hour light and 12 hour dark cycle

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Formulations (w/w) were prepared daily within 6 hours prior to dosing and were homogenized to a visually acceptable level. No adjustment was made for specific gravity/density of the test substance, vehicle, and/or formulation. No adjustment was made for specific gravity of the vehicle. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test substance. Test formulations were stored at room temperature protected from light until use. Thevehicle was chosen based on the results of trial formulations performed prior to treatment.

VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): Dose volume of 5 mL/kg/day

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1
- Length of cohabitation: Until evidence of mating was apparent.
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug and/or sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 post-coitum.
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged individually.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Analysis was conducted at a single sample point during the study according to a validated method. Samples of formulation were analysed for homogeniety (highest and lowest concentration) and accuracy of preparation (all concentrations). The stability in the vehicle over 6 hours at room temperature under protection from light was also determined (highest and lowest concentration). The accuracy, homogeniety and stability of test samples as appropriate were reported to be in the satisfactory ranges, ensuring the acceptability of dosing formulations.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Males were exposed for 29 days (i.e. 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating and upto the day prior to scheduled necropsy). Females were exposed from 42-55 days (i.e. during 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, during post-coitum (gestation) and during at least 4 days of lactation up to the day prior to scheduled necropsy). The omission of one day of dosing over a period of several weeks was considered not to affect the toxicological evaluation.

Frequency of treatment:

Parental males and females once daily via oral gavage

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day
Basis:
nominal conc.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

- A total of 80 rats were used on study (40 males and 40 females).
- Each test group consisted of 10 males and 10 females (including 10 males and females in the control groups)

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: The doses were selected based on the results of a 10-day dose range finding study.

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

See Chapter 7.5.1, record Repeated dose toxicity: oral_(OECD 422)_Key_WIL_2015

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

Determination of estrous cycling was not conducted as is not an explicit guideline requirement.

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

Not examined

Litter observations:

PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in [F1] offspring:
The numbers of live and dead pups (Each day of lactation; defects and causes of death were evaluated), daily clinical signs, bodyweights (Days 1 and 4) and sex (Days 1 and 4). Using this information the percentage of live males and females at first litter check was calculated, the percentage of postnatal loss and the viability index.

GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
Yes, for external abnormalities.

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

Necropsy and histopathology procedures are described in Chapter 7.5.1, record Repeated dose toxicity: oral_(OECD 422)_Key_WIL_2015

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

SACRIFICE
- The F1 offspring surviving to planned terminated were killed by decapitation on Days 5-7 of lactation.
- These animals were subjected to postmortem macroscopic examination (external anomalies). The stomach of pups not surviving to scheduled termination were examined for the presence of milk if possible.

GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of a check for external anomalies, including that in the oral cavity.

Statistics:

The following statistical methods were used to analyze the data:
- If the variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution, the Dunnett-test (many-to-one t-test) based on a pooled variance estimate was applied for the comparison of the treated groups and the control groups for each sex.
- The Steel-test (many-to-one rank test) was applied if the data could not be assumed to follow a normal distribution.
- The Fisher Exact-test was applied to frequency data.
- The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA test was applied to motor activity data to determine intergroup differences. In case intergroup differences were seen, the Wilcoxon test was applied to compare the treated groups to the control group.

All tests were two-sided and in all cases p < 0.05 was accepted as the lowest level of significance. Group means were calculated for continuous data and medians were calculated for discrete data (scores) in the summary tables. Test statistics were calculated on the basis of exact values for means
and pooled variances. Individual values, means and standard deviations may have been rounded off before printing. Therefore, two groups may display the same printed means for a given parameter, yet different test statistics values.

Reproductive indices:

Mating index (%), fertility index (%), conception index (%), gestation index (%), duration of gestation (days) were the determined reproductive indices.

Offspring viability indices:

Percentage live males/females at first litter check (%), percentage of postnatal loss, and viability index were the determined offspring viability indices.

Clinical signs:

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

Examined in section (7.5.1)

Body weight and weight changes:

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

Examined in section (7.5.1)

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

Examined in section (7.5.1)

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

Examined in section (7.5.1)

Other effects:

not examined

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not examined

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not examined

Reproductive performance:

no effects observed

Reproductive performance
There were no treatment-related differences in:
- Mating indices
- Fertility indices
- Conception indices
- Pre-coital time
- Number of corpora lutea and implantation sites

One female receiving 50 mg/kg/day, did not show evidence of mating. This was considered to be within the normal range for animals of this age and strain.

Selected results by dose level (0, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg bw/day).
- females mated: 10/10, 10/10, 10/10, 9/10
- females pregnant: 9/10, 9/10, 10/10, 8/10
- females with live pups: 9/10, 9/10, 10/10, 8/10
- Mating index (%): 100, 100, 100, 90
- Fertility Index (%): 90, 90, 100, 80
- Conception Index (%): 90, 90, 100, 89
- Gestation Index (%): 100, 100, 100, 100

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

50 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: No effects on reproductive parameters were observed up to the highest dose level of 50 mg/kg.

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality / viability:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Sexual maturation:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings:

not examined

VIABILITY (OFFSPRING)
Developmental parameters considered unaffected by treatment are sex ratio, clinical signs, external macroscopy, gestation and parturition and maternal care.

BODY WEIGHT (OFFSPRING)
At 25 and 50 mg/kg, mean pup bodyweights of both male and female pups statistically significantly slower on day 4 of lactation. Bodweight gain over days 1-4 based on combined weights for both sexes was approximately 15 and 20% lower than control mean bodyweight gain at 25 and 50 mg/kg, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in pup bodyweight on day 1 of lactation.

GROSS PATHOLOGY (OFFSPRING)
No external anomalies were observed in any offspring, and no mortality occured that was considered related to treatment.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

12.5 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: At 25 and 50 mg/kg mean pup bodyweight gain of pups of both sexes was lower than in controls. Given the magnitude of lower pup bodyweight gain, this was considered to be an adverse developmental effect. No findings were observed at 12.5 mg/kg.

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Conclusions:

No reproductive toxicity was observed at any dose tested. With regards to developmental effects, mean pup bodyweight at 25 and 50 mg/kg on Day 4 of lactation was reduced compared with controls, and given the magnitude of the lower pup bodyweight gain, was considered to be adverse. This finding is more likely attributed to parental toxicity, as the lowest mean pup bodyweight gain per litter was noted for dams that showed weight loss during lactation. On Day 1 of lactation there was also no statistically significant differences in pup bodyweights at all doses compared with controls. As such the NOAEL for reproduction and developmental effects was considered to be at least 50 mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg respectively.

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

50 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subacute

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

Reliable OECD 422 study available conducted to OECD guidelines and GLP.

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

There was no evidence of adverse effects on parental reproductive indices following repeated exposure of the test substance, with the NOAEL set as at least 50 mg/kg/day under the conditions of the test.

Justification for selection of Effect on fertility via oral route:
OECD 422 study conducted to OECD guidelines and GLP, provides suitable information on possible effects of the test substance on reproductive effects.

Effects on developmental toxicity

Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

12.5 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subacute

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

Reliable OECD 422 study available conducted to OECD guidelines and GLP.

Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

With regards to developmental effects, mean pup bodyweight at 25 and 50 mg/kg on Day 4 of lactation was reduced compared with controls, and given the magnitude of the lower pup bodyweight gain, was considered to be adverse. This finding is more likely attributed to parental toxicity, as the lowest mean pup bodyweight gain per litter was noted for dams that showed weight loss during lactation. On Day 1 of lactation there was also no statistically significant differences in pup bodyweights at all doses compared with controls.

As such the NOAEL for reproduction and developmental effects was considered to be at least 50 mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg respectively.

Justification for selection of Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route:
OECD 422 study conducted to OECD guideline and GLP, provides suitable information on possible effects of the test substance on developmental effects.

Justification for classification or non-classification

No reproductive effects were observed at any dose level. With regards to developmental effects, mean pup bodyweight at 25 and 50 mg/kg on Day 4 of lactation was reduced compared with controls. This finding is more likely attributed to parental toxicity, as the lowest mean pup bodyweight gain per litter was noted for dams that showed weight loss during lactation. On Day 1 of lactation there was also no statistically significant differences in pup bodyweights at all doses compared with controls. As this is considered a small reduction in pup bodyweights compared with controls, was observed in association with maternal toxicity, and was dose dependant (no effects observed at 12.5 mg/kg), no classification for reproductive effects as per the CLP regulation (EC No. 1272/2008, as amended) are deemed necessary.