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EC number: 215-133-1 | CAS number: 1304-56-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study includes a relatively large potential database and includes observations of multiple timepoints.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: Multi-year observation individuals having been involved with BeO manufacture and processing
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study is part of an observation (1992-2003) of 136 workers who has been involved with BeO manufacture. The current study includes data on sensitisation and diagnosis of chronic beryllium disease.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Not relevant
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Beryllium oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-133-1
- EC Name:
- Beryllium oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1304-56-9
- Molecular formula:
- BeO
- IUPAC Name:
- oxoberyllium
- Details on test material:
- Not clearly defined but BeO from BeO ceramics facility. Exposure comes from a variety of activities and includes inhalation and skin.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- confirmed and informed consent free of coercion received
- Remarks:
- Study approved by the Human Subjects Review Board of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- Details on study design:
- A cohort of 136 BeO subjects with known exposure to BeO from a BeO ceramics facility was followed from 1992 to 2003. The cohort was subjected to a survey and a blood sample was drawn for a Be lymphocyte proliferation test. If sensitization was confirmed, the subject was referred to clinical evaluation for diagnosis of Chronic Beryllium Disease.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The number of sensitized individuals was increased in 2003 relative to 1992. The work process resulting in the highest level of sensitization was machining with 20 %. Please see Tables 1-4 below for in depth results.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1 Prevalence of sensitisation and Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD)
Times tested | No. tested | Sensitized (%) | CBD only (%) | % sensitized with CBD | Mean years since hire (range) | Mean years since last test (range) |
1 | 136 | 5.9 | 4.4 | 75.0 | 7.7 (0.5 -36.0) | - |
2 | 106 | 10.4 | 7.5 | 72.7 | 15.0 (7.7 -47.3) | 6.7 (3.2 -12.4) |
3 | 60 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 33.1 | 18.3 (11.5 -35.1) | 3.2 (2.1 -5.4) |
4 | 2 | 0 | n/a | n/a | 20.6 (20.0 -21.2) | 3.2 (3.2) |
Table 2 Characteristics of BeO workers according to health status
Characteristic | Not sensitized (n=114) | All sensitized (n=22) | CBD (n=15) | Sensitized (not CBD, n=7) |
Gender | 63.2 | 50.0 | 46.7 | 57.1 |
Race/ethnicity | 67.5 | 45.5** | 46.7 | 42.9** |
Smoker (at any time) | 51.8 | 63.6 | 46.7 | 100.0* |
Average age at hire | 32.5 | 35.1 | 35.7 | 33.6 |
* 0.05 <=p<0.10
** p<0.05
Table 3 Hazard ratios
All sensitized | CBD only | |||
HR | 95 % CI | HR | 95 % CI | |
Chronic cough | 1.84 | (0.80, 4.27) | 1.94 | (0.71, 5.36) |
Skin problems | 1.16 | (0.50, 2.68) | 2.16 | (0.74, 6.32) |
Skin ulcers | 1.21 | (0.47, 3.09) | 1.16 | (0.37, 3.65) |
Race/ethnicity (white vs other) | 0.40** | (0.17, 0.93) | 0.42* | (0.15, 1.15) |
Race/ethnicity (hispanic vs other) | 2.21* | (0.95, 5.11) | 2.43* | (0.88, 6.70) |
* 0.05 <=p<0.10
** p<0.05
Table 4
Job or process | All sensitized | CBD only | ||
HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
Production work | ||||
Lapping | 1.72 | (0.6. 4.36) | 1.33 | (0.42, 4.16) |
Machining | 3.13** | (1.21, 8.06) | 4.65** | (1.30, 16.61 ) |
Forming | 2.38* | (0.91, 6.20) | 2.10 | (0.66, 6.65) |
Firing | 2.97* | (0.93, 9.48) | 2.37 | ( 0.62, 9.06) |
Metallisizing | 0.41 | (0.06, 3.13) | 0.62 | (0.08, 4.88 ) |
Tape | 0.44 | (0.06, 3.42) | 0.66 | (0.08, 5.50 ) |
Material preparation | 0.00 | - | 0.00 | - |
Production support | ||||
Janitor/laundry | 1.97 | (0.45, 8.64) | 2.90 | (0.63, 13.42 |
Packaging | 2.57 | 0.93, 7.08) | 2.52 | (0.74, 8.58 |
Admin-production areas | 0.92 | 0.35, 2.39) | 0.95 | (0.30, 3.02 |
Quality control | 1.01 | 0.41, 2.50) | 0.74 | (0.24, 2.31 |
Maintenance | 0.00 | - | 0.00 | - |
Administration | ||||
Admin-office areas | 0.54 | 0.19, 1.54) | 0.29 | (0.06, 1.35 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- There is an increase in the number of workers with Be sensitisation with increased employment and time of exposure. The authors also report that workers hired recently has a significantly lower frequency of sensitisation due to efforts to prevent workers
- Executive summary:
A cohort of 136 workers in a BeO ceramics facility were followed from 1992 to 2003. The results from Be Lymphocyte Proliferation Test was compared between 1992 and 2003. The workers were also subject to clinical evaluation of eventual CBD diagnosis. In 1992, a total of 8 (5.8 %) workers were diagnosed with sensititation and 6 of these also had chronic beryllium disease (CBD). In 1998, sensitisation was found in 10 % of the workers and 3.3 % was diagnosed with CBD. Machining was also the activity associated with the highest degree of sensitisation.
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