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EC number: 224-460-9 | CAS number: 4368-56-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- other: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From February 10 to 17, 2017
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- The reliability of the source study report is 1.
- Justification for type of information:
- Justification for Read Across is given in Section 13 of IUCLID.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2006
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The temperature ranged between 18.4 and 26.4°C (i.e. 6.0°C variation), which is out of the required range of 24 ± 2 °C.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 611, 193, 61.1, 19.3 and 6.11 mg/L.
- Sampling method: test solutions prepared by respective dilutions of a stock solution (test item dissolved in SIS Medium with SIS Medium).
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: at room temperature, protected from light. - Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Lemna minor.
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Umweltbundesamt, FGIII 2.5, Uberwachungsverfahren Abwasserentsorgung, Schichauweg 58, D-12307 Berlin.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 7 - 10 days under the conditions of the test.
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Test temperature:
- Ranged between 18.4 and 26.4°C
- pH:
- 6.5 at the beginning of the test
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 611, 193, 61.1, 19.3 and 6.11 mg/L nominal concentration (corresponding to 500, 158.1, 50.0, 15.8 and 5.00 mg/L of the active ingredient)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber used: beakers were incubated on a black non-reflecting surface.
- Test vessel: beakers.
- Type (delete if not applicable): open.
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 400 ml beakers, all-glass, with 200 ml of test medium.
- Type of cover: black paper.
- No. of fronds per vessel: 9-12
- No. of fronds per colony: 2-4
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes.
- Adjustment of pH: pH is adjusted to 6.5 ± 0.2 with either 0.1 or 1 M HCl or NaOH.
- Light intensity and quality: continuous (6500–10000 lux) from Osram Fluora L18W77 (Osram AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) and CH Lighting F18T8/6500K EUP (CH Lighting CO., Ltd., China).
- Homogeneity: ±15%
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- Determination of frond number: not specified.
- Determination of biomass: dry weight.
- Determination of frond area: no.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 10, 100 and 500 mg/L.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: at 10 mg/l 3.4% inhibition based on growth rate, at 100 mg/l 35 % inhibition, at 500 mg/L 59% inhibition. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 615 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on frond number
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 197 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on frond number
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 889 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on Dry weight
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 178 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on Dry weight
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- ErC50 = 615 mg/L based on frond number
EyC50 = 197 mg/L based on frond number
ErC50 = 889 mg/L based on dry weight
EyC50 = 178 mg/L based on dry weight - Executive summary:
Method
The inhibitory effects ofthe test substance the duckweed Lemna minor were investigated over a period of 7 days, based on the frond number and biomass (dry weight), following the guideline OECD 221.
The test solutions were prepared by respective dilutions of a stock solution in Swedish standard-Medium (SIS Medium).
The test was performed at 611, 193, 61.1, 19.3 and 6.11 mg/L nominal concentration of the test item, corresponding to 500, 158.1, 50.0, 15.8 and 5.00 mg/L of the active ingredient.
Three parallel test vessels were used for each test concentration of the test item and six vessels for the blank controls.
The test concentrations during the 7-day test period were determined by photometry at the beginning of the test, as well as after 3, 5 and 7 days of exposure. These analyses confirmed the right dosage of the test item, and showed that the concentrations of the loadings decreased over the whole 7-day test period after 7 days and did not remain within 80-120% range of the initial value (67, 69, 103, 90 and 86%, respectively, of the initial value). Therefore, the effective concentrations (ErC50 and EyC50) were assessed based on the geometric mean (GM) of the measured concentrations of the active ingredient.
The two endpoints frond number and biomass (dry weight) were investigated at days 3, 5 and 7, and each of them were assessed as growth rate and yield.
Results:
ErC50 = 615 mg/L based on frond number
EyC50 = 197 mg/L based on frond number
ErC50 = 889 mg/L based on dry weight
EyC50 = 178 mg/L based on dry weight
Reference
Test concentrations
The test concentrations during the 7-day test period weredetermined byphotometryat the beginning of the test, as well as after 3, 5 and 7 days of exposure.These analyses confirmed the right dosage of the test item, and showed that the concentrations of the test item decreased over the whole 7-day test period. The measured concentrations of the active ingredient at the beginning of the test were 514, 163, 49.3, 16.0 and 4.93 mg/l and 345, 113, 50.6, 14.3 and 4.24 mg/L (i.e. 67, 69, 103, 90 and 86%, respectively, of the initial value) after 7 days.
Therefore, the effective concentrations (ErC50 and EyC50) were assessed based on the geometric mean (GM) of the measured concentrations of the active ingredient.
Effects on frond number
With respect to growth rate inhibition, the following effects as compared to the untreated controls were observed: 39% at 500 mg/L and 23% at 158 mg/L. No significant effects were observed at the concentrations 50.0, 15.8 and 5.00 mg/L.
Based on these effects and the measured concentrations of the active ingredient, the median effect concentration with respect to the frond number’s growth rate (frond number ErC50) of the test substance to Lemna minor was calculated to be 615 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 439–1115 mg/L). The ErC10 was 62.0 mg/L (29.6–92.3 mg/L); while the NOErC was determined to be 49.1 mg/L.
With respect to yield inhibition, the following effects as compared to the untreated controls were observed: 66% at 500 mg/L and 46% at 158 mg/L. No significant effects were observed at the concentrations 50.0, 15.8 and 5.00 mg/L.
Based on these effects and the measured concentrations of the active ingredient, the median effect concentration with respect to the frond number’s yield (frond number EyC50) of the test substance to Lemna minor was calculated to be 197 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 141–300 mg/L). The EyC10 was 29.2 mg/L (9.26–50.6 mg/L); while the NOEyC was determined to be 49.1 mg/L.
Effects on dry weight
With respect to growth rate inhibition, the following effects as compared to the untreated controls were observed: 34% at 500 mg/L and 23% at 158 mg/L. No significant effects were observed at the concentrations 50.0, 15.8 and 5.00 mg/L.
Based on these effects and the measured concentrations of the active ingredient, the median effect concentration with respect to the dry weight’s growth rate (dry weight ErC50) of the test substance to Lemna minor was calculated to be 889 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 546–2429 mg/L). The ErC10 was 57.5 mg/L (22.5–91.2 mg/L); while the NOErC was determined to be 49.1 mg/L.
With respect to yield inhibition, the following effects as compared to the untreated controls were observed: 65% at 500 mg/L and 52% at 158 mg/L. No significant effects were observed at the concentrations 50.0, 15.8 and 5.00 mg/L.
Based on these effects and the measured concentrations of the active ingredient, the median effect concentration with respect to the dry weight’s yield (dry weight EyC50) of the test substance to Lemna minor was calculated to be 178 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 124–280 mg/L). The EyC10 was 20.8 mg/L (6.01–38.0 mg/L); while the NOEyC was determined to be 49.1 mg/L.
Environmental conditions
The pH value in the control drifted by 0.6 units during the whole test period, which is therefore in the range allowed by the guideline (required: not more than 1.5).
The light intensity was 7500-8250 lux (mean 7939 lux; max. variation ± 6%) at the start of the test and 6950-8340 lux (mean 7663 lux, max. variation ± 9%) at the end of the exposure period. The light homogeneity was therefore in the required ± 15% range.
The temperature ranged between 18.4 and 26.4°C (i.e. 6.0°C variation), which is out of the required range of 24 ± 2°C. Since the test vessels were randomly re-placed, since all test vessels were exposed to the same temperature, since the toxicity is calculated based on the blank control, and since the growth criterion in the control was fulfilled without a too large variation, this deviation is not expected to have a significant impact on the outcome of the study.
The test item did not show any signs of precipitation, at any of the test concentrations.
Appearance of the plants at the end of the test
In the blank control the plants were healthy with dark green fronds and roots reaching to the bottom of the test vessel.
At 5.00 mg/L, the plants looked like the blanks, with dark green fronds and roots reaching to the bottom of the test vessel.
At 15.8 and 50.0 mg/L, the plants were healthy with dark green fronds and roots reaching to the bottom of the test vessel; the plants were slightly smaller compared to the blank control.
At 158 mg/L, the fronds were dark green and somehow misshapen; the size of the roots were only two thirds of the blank control and the plants were significantly smaller as compared to the blank controls.
At 500 mg/L, the plants werevery small, with plants and fronds partly blue discolored; the size of the roots were only two thirds of the blank control.
Description of key information
ErC50 = 615 mg/L based on frond number
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 615 mg/L
Additional information
The inhibitory effects of the similar substance to the duckweed Lemna minor were investigated over a period of 7 days, based on the frond number and biomass (dry weight), following the guideline OECD 221.
The test solutions were prepared by respective dilutions of a stock solution in Swedish standard-Medium (SIS Medium).
The test was performed at 611, 193, 61.1, 19.3 and 6.11 mg/L nominal concentration of the test item, corresponding to 500, 158.1, 50.0, 15.8 and 5.00 mg/L of the active ingredient.
Three parallel test vessels were used for each test concentration of the test item and six vessels for the blank controls.
The test concentrations during the 7-day test period were determined by photometry at the beginning of the test, as well as after 3, 5 and 7 days of exposure. These analyses confirmed the right dosage of the test item, and showed that the concentrations of the loadings decreased over the whole 7-day test period after 7 days and did not remain within 80-120% range of the initial value (67, 69, 103, 90 and 86%, respectively, of the initial value). Therefore, the effective concentrations (ErC50 and EyC50) were assessed based on the geometric mean (GM) of the measured concentrations of the active ingredient.
The two endpoints frond number and biomass (dry weight) were investigated at days 3, 5 and 7, and each of them were assessed as growth rate and yield. The EC50 values obtained were:
ErC50 = 615 mg/L based on frond number
EyC50 = 197 mg/L based on frond number
ErC50 = 889 mg/L based on dry weight
EyC50 = 178 mg/L based on dry weight
Justification for Read Across is given in Section 13 of IUCLID.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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