Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 601-601-6 | CAS number: 119345-04-9
Manufacture, use & exposure
Uses by professional workers
Documentsopen allclose all
Uses by professional workers
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures (closed systems)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures (closed systems); With sample collection
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Filling of equipment from drums or containers; Use in contained systems
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Use in contained systems
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures; Semi-closed system
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Non-dedicated facility; Indoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Non-dedicated facility; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Dedicated facility
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Roller, spreader, flow application; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Name of activity / technique:
- Roller, spreader, flow application; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual; Spraying; Indoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual; Spraying; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dipping, immersion and pouring; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dipping, immersion and pouring; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Laboratory activities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual activities involving hand contact
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand application - fingerpaints, pastels, adhesives; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand application - fingerpaints, pastels, adhesives; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Equipment cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Uses by professional workers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
- ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Product category used:
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- yes
Uses by professional workers
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Product category used:
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Uses by professional workers
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Product category used:
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- yes
Uses by professional workers
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures (closed systems)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures (closed systems); With sample collection
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Filling of equipment from drums or containers; Use in contained systems
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Use in contained systems
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures; Semi-closed system
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Non-dedicated facility; Indoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Non-dedicated facility; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Dedicated facility
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Roller, spreader, flow application; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Name of activity / technique:
- Roller, spreader, flow application; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual; Spraying; Indoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual; Spraying; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dipping, immersion and pouring; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dipping, immersion and pouring; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Laboratory activities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual activities involving hand contact
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand application - fingerpaints, pastels, adhesives
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Equipment cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Uses by professional workers
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures (closed systems)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures (closed systems); With sample collection
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Filling of equipment from drums or containers; Use in contained systems
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Use in contained systems
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures; Semi-closed system
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Non-dedicated facility; Indoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Non-dedicated facility; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Dedicated facility
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Roller, spreader, flow application; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Name of activity / technique:
- Roller, spreader, flow application; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual; Spraying; Indoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual; Spraying; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dipping, immersion and pouring; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dipping, immersion and pouring; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual activities involving hand contact
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand application - fingerpaints, pastels, adhesives
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Equipment cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Uses by professional workers
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
- ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer from/pouring from containers; Non-dedicated facility
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer from/pouring from containers; Dedicated facility
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing operations (open systems)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Spraying or fogging; Manual
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Spraying/fogging by machine application
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Ad hoc manual application via trigger sprays, dipping, etc.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Equipment maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Uses by professional workers
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Product category used:
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Uses by professional workers
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use in Adhesives
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures (closed systems)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures (closed systems); With sample collection
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Filling of equipment from drums or containers; Use in contained systems
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Use in contained systems
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- General exposures; Semi-closed system
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Preparation of material for application; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Non-dedicated facility; Indoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Non-dedicated facility; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Material transfers; Drum/batch transfers; Dedicated facility
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Roller, spreader, flow application; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Name of activity / technique:
- Roller, spreader, flow application; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual; Spraying; Indoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual; Spraying; Outdoor use
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dipping, immersion and pouring; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dipping, immersion and pouring; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Laboratory activities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand application - fingerpaints, pastels, adhesives; Indoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand application - fingerpaints, pastels, adhesives; Outdoor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Equipment cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant to this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
