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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 1996-01-30 to 1996-03-29
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Although a guideline study (OECD 301B & 301D and EU Methods C4-C & C4-E.) conducted according to the principles of Good Laboratory Practice, the purity and expiry date of the test substance was not supplied and its stability under the test conditions was not determined.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Due to a failure in the control system on Day 27, the temperature of the test area dropped to 14.8°C which falls outside the minimum recommended for this assay (20°C) it is not thought to be significant or to have affected the integrity of the test.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Due to a failure in the control system on Day 27, the temperature of the test area dropped to 14.8°C which falls outside the minimum recommended for this assay (20°C) it is not thought to be significant or to have affected the integrity of the test.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Batch No.: + 19951208
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Oakley STW
- Method of cultivation: Five test vessels (five-litre brown glass carboys) each containing mineral salts medium, and the bacterial inoculum at a concentration of 1% were aerated overnight with air that had been passed through cylinders containing calcium chloride and Carbosorb AS followed by two bottles containing 0.025N barium hydroxide to remove CO2.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The sample of activated sludge was aerated in the laboratory for four hours.
- Pretreatment: A sample of the mixed liquor was homogenised in a mechanical blender and allowed to settle for 50 minutes. An aliquot of the supernatant was used as the inoculum for the test.
- Concentration of sludge: not stated
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: 1% (innoculm)
- Water filtered: through reverse osmosis unit
- Type and size of filter used, if any: Elga Ltd, Prima 4 reverse osmosis unit - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 396 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Mineral salts medium (MSMS)
- Additional substrate: none
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): The test material was added as ultrasound-treated suspensions
- Test temperature: 21.2°C to 23.9°C
- pH: The pH of test mixtures ranged between 7.4 and 7.5 at the start of the test and between 7.4 and 7.5 at the end.
- pH adjusted: no
- CEC (meq/100 g): not stated
- Aeration of dilution water: yes
- Suspended solids concentration: not stated
- Continuous darkness: not stated
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: five-litre brown glass carboys
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: Each vessel was then fitted with a stopper holding an air inlet tube reaching approximately 15 cm below the liquid surface and an air outlet just below the stopper. The vessels contents were continuously flushed for 29 days with treated air.
- Measuring equipment: duplicate titration of 20 mL samples with hydrochloric acid (0.05N), using phenolphthalein indicator.
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: No
- Test performed in open system: yes
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: The air outlet from each vessel was connected to three Drechsel bottles in series, each containing 0.025N barium hydroxide (100 mL).
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 15, 18, 25, 28, 29 d
- Sampling method: not stated
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Yes
- Abiotic sterile control: N/A
- Toxicity control: sodium benzoate 1.72 g/L
STATISTICAL METHODS: none used - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- A five-day bacterial inhibition test was performed under the conditions of the Closed Bottle Test (EC Procedure C.4-E, OECD Procedure 301D). This showed that the test item at a nominal concentration of 10 mgC/L did not significantly inhibit degradation of the reference material, sodium benzoate. In this preliminary test, the test item showed no evidence of biodegradation.
- Test performance:
- Sodium benzoate was degraded by 60% after six days and 88% after 29 days.
Cumulative CO2 production in the controls after 29 days (30.5 and 25.1 mg CO2) was within the acceptable range for this assay system (recommended maximum = 120 mgCO2)
These results confirm that the inoculum was viable and that the test was valid. - Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 2
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- In the Modified Sturm Test, mean cumulative CO2 production by mixtures containing test item at 10 mgC/L was equivalent to 2% of the TCO2.
- Results with reference substance:
- The degradation of sodium benzoate was rapid and achieved 60% of its TCO2 after six days and 88% after 29 days.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the test item was not regarded as be readily degradable.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of test item was assessed in the CO2 Evolution Test (Modified Sturm Test, Procedure C.4-C of the Annex to Directive 92/69/EEC; OECD Procedure 301B). A five-day bacterial inhibition test was performed under the conditions of the Closed Bottle Test (EC Procedure C.4-E, OECD Procedure 301D). This showed that test item at a nominal concentration of 10 mgC/L did not significantly inhibit degradation of the reference material sodium benzoate. In this preliminary test, test item showed no evidence of biodegradation. In the Modified Sturm Test, test item was added to two vessels containing inoculated mineral salts medium, to give a nominal test concentration of 10 mgC/L. Control vessels comprised two containing inoculated mineral salts medium alone and one containing inoculated mineral salts medium plus the reference material sodium benzoate (10 mgC/L). Test and control vessels were aerated for 29 days with air that had been treated to remove carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 produced by each culture was trapped in a series of Drechsel bottles containing barium hydroxide which were connected to the outlet from each test vessel. Sodium benzoate was degraded by 60% after six days and 88% after 29 days. Cumulative CO2 production in the controls after 29 days (30.5 and 25.1 mgCO2) was within the acceptable range for this assay system (recommended maximum =120 mgCO2). These results confirm that the inoculum was viable and that the test was valid. Mean cumulative CO2 production by the mixtures containing test item at 10 mgC/L was equivalent to 2% of the theoretical value (TCO2, 106.4 mgCO2). Substances are considered to be readily degradable in this test if CO2 production is equal to or greater than 60% of the theoretical value within ten days of the level achieving 10%. The test item cannot therefore be considered to be readily degradable.
Reference
Modified Sturm test - blank-corrected cumulative CO2 production and degradation as a percentage of TCO2 in reference and test mixtures
Day |
Reference |
Test item (10 mgC/L) |
||||
Culture 1 |
Culture 2 |
|||||
CO2 (mg) |
%TCO2 |
CO2 (mg) |
%TCO2 |
CO2 (mg) |
%TCO2 |
|
2 |
8.5 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
29.1 |
27 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
46.1 |
43 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
56.3 |
53 |
0 |
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
6 |
64.2 |
60 |
0.2 |
0 |
0.5 |
0 |
8 |
73.2 |
69 |
0.2 |
0 |
0.7 |
1 |
15 |
84.5 |
79 |
0.5 |
0 |
1.0 |
1 |
18 |
88.6 |
83 |
0.7 |
1 |
1.8 |
2 |
25 |
91.6 |
86 |
0.7 |
1 |
1.8 |
2 |
28 |
92.7 |
87 |
1.3 |
1 |
1.8 |
2 |
29 |
93.2 |
88 |
1.3 |
1 |
1.8 |
2 |
The rate of air flow during the test ranged from 38 to 43 mL/minute. Temperatures of the test area ranged from 21.2°C to 23.9°C.
Because of the stringency of this type of test, substances that fail to show degradation are not necessarily non-biodegradable under environmental conditions. Conditions more favorable to degradation, such as a larger microbial inoculum and a longer incubation time, may be necessary for biodegradation to occur.
Description of key information
The ready biodegradability of test item was assessed in the CO2 Evolution Test (Modified Sturm Test, Procedure C.4-C of the Annex to Directive 92/69/EEC; OECD Procedure 301B). Mean cumulative CO2 production by the mixtures containing test item at 10 mgC/L was equivalent to 2% of the theoretical value (TCO2, 106.4 mgCO2). Substances are considered to be readily degradable in this test if CO2 production is equal to or greater than 60% of the theoretical value within ten days of the level achieving 10%. The test item cannot therefore be considered to be readily degradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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