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EC number: 278-636-5 | CAS number: 77182-82-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Laboratory studies on the effects of glufosinate-ammonium on aquatic organisms (fish, invertebrates, algae, higher plants) are summarised in the table below. In the subsequent sections executive summaries of the available studies on glufosinate-ammonium are provided in more detail.
Key values (bold) were taken into account for the assessment of environmental classification and as key endpoints of glufosinate-ammonium.
Test organism |
study type |
Test duration |
LC50/EC50 (mg as/L) |
NOEC (mg as/L) |
Author |
Acute toxicity to fish |
|||||
Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) |
static acute |
96 hours |
461 |
158 |
Banman & Moore 2013; M-468603-01-1 |
Cyprinus carpio (carp) |
static acute |
96 hours |
>500 |
≥500 |
Bruns 2013; M-450082-01-1 |
Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) |
static acute |
96 hours |
710 |
320 |
McAllister 1985a; M-110629-01-1 |
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) |
static acute |
96 hours |
>1000 |
180 |
McAllister 1985b; M-110633-01-1 |
Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow) |
static acute |
96 hours |
>1000 |
≥1000 |
Swigert 1986; M-113646-01-1 |
Leuciscus idus melanotus (golden orfe) |
Static acute |
96 hours |
>1000 |
≥1000 |
Fisher 1987a; M-117920-01-2 |
Chronic toxicity to fish |
|||||
Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) |
early life stage, flow-through |
35 days |
- |
26.2 |
Banman et al. 2014; M-507827-01-1 |
Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) |
growth test, flow-through |
21 days |
224 |
100 |
Fischer 1989; M-123788-01-1 |
Acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates |
|||||
Daphnia magna (waterflea) |
static acute |
48 hours |
>100 |
≥100 |
Ruhland 2009a; M-344395-01-1 |
Daphnia magna (waterflea) |
static acute |
48 hours |
>1000 |
560 |
Forbis 1985; M-110636-01-1 |
Americamysis bahia (mysid shrimp) |
static acute |
96 hours |
7.5 |
≥1 |
Forbis 1986; M-113650-01-1 |
Daphnia magna (waterflea) |
static acute |
48 hours |
668 |
420 |
Fischer 1982; M-096871-01-1 |
Chronic toxicity to aquatic invertebrates |
|||||
Daphnia magna (waterflea) |
semi-static |
21 days |
- |
18 |
Fischer 1987b; M-118006-01-1 |
Effects on algal growth |
|||||
Anabaena flos-aquae (blue-green alga) |
static, growth inhibition |
96 hours |
ErC50 (72 h): 0.132 |
NOECr (72 h): 0.039 |
Banman et al. 2011a; M-404352-01-1 |
Skeletonema costatum (diatom) |
static, growth inhibition |
96 hours |
ErC50 (72 h): 52.4 |
NOECr (72 h): 12.5 |
Banman et al. 2011b; M-404356-01-1 |
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (green alga) |
static, growth inhibition |
72 hours |
ErC50 (72 h): 46.4 |
NOECr (72 h): <6.25 |
Ruhland 2009b; M-333684-01-1 |
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (green alga) |
static, growth inhibition |
7 days |
ErC50: 37.3 |
2.5 |
Hughes 1987; M-117501-01-1 |
Scenedesmus subspicatus (green alga) |
static, growth inhibition |
72 hours |
ErC50: >1000 |
100 |
Heusel 1994; M-133145-01-1 |
Navicula pelliculosa (diatom) |
static, growth inhibition |
120 hours |
ErC50: >100 |
100 |
Sowig & Gosch 2001; M-201068-01-1 |
Effects on higher aquatic plants |
|||||
Lemna gibba (duckweed) |
Semi-static, frond number and growth rate |
14 days |
EC50: 1.5 |
0.8 |
Lintott & Ward 1991; M-130939-01-1 |
Six studies on the acute toxicity of glufosinate-ammonium to fish are available. All studies were conducted according to GLP and different international guidelines. Fife species of freshwater fish (Pimephales promelas, Cyprinus carpio, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Lepomis macrochirus, Leuciscus idus melanotus) and one saltwater species (Cyprinodon variegatus) were tested. The 96-hour static test by Banman & Moore (2013) using fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) resulted in the most sensitive effect value, i.e. LC50 (96 h) = 461 mg a.s./L (mean measured), and is chosen as key study.
Two studies on the chronic toxicity of glufosinate-ammonium to fish are available. Both studies were conducted according to GLP and different international guidelines. Two species of freshwater fish (Pimephales promelas, Oncorhynchus mykiss) were tested. The 35 days to early life stage study under flow-through conditions by Banman et al. (2014) using fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) resulted in the most sensitive effect value, i.e. NOEC (35 d) = 26.2 mg a.s./L (mean measured) and is chosen as key study.
Four studies on the acute toxicity of glufosinate-ammonium to aquatic invertebrates are available. All but one study were conducted according to GLP and different international guidelines. One freshwater species (Daphnia magna) and one saltwater species (Americamysis bahia) were tested. Information on saltwater species are not considered relevant for classification and labelling. The study conducted by Ruhland (2009a) according to standard methods using Daphnia magna yielded the lowest relevant endpoint for the standard species Daphnia magna (EC50 (48 h)> 100 mg a.s./L) and was chosen as key.
The chronic toxicity of glufosinate-ammonium was tested on Daphnia magna over 21 days in a semi-static test design (Fischer, 1987b). The study was conducted according to GLP and an international guideline. The 21 days NOEC could be determined to 18 mg/L based on mortality.
Six studies on the toxicity of glufosinate-ammonium to algae are available. All studies but one were conducted according to GLP and different international guidelines. Five species of freshwater algae (Anabaena flos-aquae (blue-green alga), Skeletonema costatum, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Navicula pelliculosa (diatom)) were tested. The new study by Banman et al. (2011a) using the blue-green alga Anabaena flos-aquae during a 96-hour static exposure regime resulted in the most sensitive effects values. The 72-hour EC50 value for growth rate (ErC50) was determined to be 132 µg a.s./L with a NOEC of 39 µg a.s./L, based on nominal concentrations.
A 14-day static growth test to the freshwater duckweed, Lemna gibba, was conducted by Lintott & Ward (1991). The test was conducted under static conditions. Frond numbers were determined. EC50 based on frond number after 14 days was determined to be 1.5 mg/L and the NOEC was 0.8 mg/L (mean measured).
In conclusion the most sensitive key values from the aquatic toxicity studies conducted and used for environmental classification & labelling are the effect values from the study with the blue-green algae Anabaena flos-aquae, i.e. an ErC50 (72 h) of 0.132 mg a.s./L and a NOEC (72 h) of 0.039 mg a.s./L.
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