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EC number: 245-740-7 | CAS number: 23564-05-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_environmental-fate-and-pathways.png)
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012-11-12 to 2013-03-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated: Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan
- Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L
- Type and size of filter used: ADVANTEC 5C, 185 mm - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Milli-Q water
- Test temperature: 25.3 - 25.8 °C (for the ready biodegradability)
25.2 - 25.5 °C (for the confirmation of nitrification)
- pH: At the start of incubation, the pH values of the [Sludge + Test substance] system, the [Sludge blank] system, the [Sludge + Aniline] system and the [Water + Test substance] system were 7.5, 7.5, 7.4 and 7.3, respectively. At the end of incubation, the pH values of the [Sludge + Test substance] system, the [Sludge blank] system, the [Sludge + Aniline] system and the [Water + Test substance] system were 7.5 (mean value), 7.3,8.9 and 6.1, respectively.
- pH adjusted: no
- Suspended solids concentration: 4040 mg/L
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: A combination of culture glass tanks, pumps and a timer (handmade instrument)
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 6
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: stirring
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: substance not volatile, still closed vessel used
- Test performed in open system: no
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Biological oxygen demand (BOD) measured daily with enclosed respirometer
- Sampling method: manual
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: activated sludge
- Activity control: Activated sludge + aniline
- Test suspensions: activated sludge + Test substance
- Abiotic control: Water + Test substance - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Test performance:
- Biological oxygen demand (BOD) which occurred by the degradation of the test substance in the presence of the standard activated sludge was measured periodically (28 days) with the enclosed respirometer. After the measurement of BOD, the concentration of the test substance was determined with a HPLC. And then the biodegradability of the test substance was evaluated from the results of the BOD and HPLC measurements. Since the test substance was not completely soluble in water, the concentration of the dissolved organic carbon was not measured.
After finishing the BOD measurement for 28 days, the contents of each bottle (Bottle No. 1 - 6) were filtered with a filter paper, and the concentration of ammonium ion in the solution was determined by the ionic electrometry. - Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 4
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: The percentage biodegradation obtained from the BOD measurement (n = 3, mean value)
- Details on results:
- The amounts of oxygen uptake of the [Sludge + Test substance] systems after 28 days were 4.134, 4.777 and 4.667 mg for Bottle No. 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The amount of oxygen uptake of the [Sludge blank] system after 28 days was 2.359 mg. The amount of oxygen uptake of the [Water + Test substance] system after 28 days was 0.000 mg. The percentage biodegradations from the BOD measurement were 3.4 and 4 % for Bottle No. 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and the average value was 4 %. The difference of the percentage biodegradation between the maximum and the minimum was less than 20 % and the amount of oxygen uptake of the [Sludge blank] system was not greater than 60 mg O2/L after 28 days. So the validity criteria of the biodegradation test were fulfilled.
- Results with reference substance:
- The percentage biodegradation of aniline was 87 % after 7 days and 99 % after 14 days. Since these values exceeded the criteria (40 % after 7 days and 65 % after 14 days according to the OECD test guideline), the activity of the activated sludge was considered as good.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The ready biodegradability test of the test item was conducted according to OECD 301 C and the percentage biodegradation obtained from the BOD measurement was 4 % (n = 3, mean value).
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability test of the test item was conducted according to OECD Guideline for Testing Chemicals 301 C (1992). Biological oxygen demand (BOD) which occurred by the degradation of the test item in the presence of the standard activated sludge was measured periodically (28 days) with an enclosed respirometer. After the measurement of BOD, the concentration of the test item was determined with high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). And then the biodegradability of the test item was evaluated from the results of the BOD measurement. The percentage biodegradation obtained from the BOD measurement was 4 % (n = 3, mean value). On the other hand, the percentage biodegradation obtained from the HPLC measurement was not evaluated because the residual amount of the test item in the [Water + Test substance] system at the end of incubation was less than 90 % of the initially applied amount. The disappearance rates of the test item were 35 % (n = 3, mean value) in the [Sludge + Test substance] system and 32 % in the [Water + Test substance] system. Since Carbendazim, AV-1951 and 2-AB were confirmed to be the degradation products in these systems, the recovery as the test item was calculated by summing up the amounts of these products and the residual amount of the test item. As a result, the test item in each system was recovered almost quantitatively. Since the test item was known to be hydrolysed in aqueous solutions, it was judged that the influence of hydrolysis is bigger than that of biodegradation in the degradation of the test item in the [Sludge + Test substance] system. Therefore, it was concluded that the test item is not ready biodegradable.
Reference
Table 1: Biodegradability from the BOD Measurement
Bottle No. |
Test system |
Weight (mg) |
ThOD |
7 days |
14 days |
21 days |
28 days |
|||||||
O2 uptake (mg) |
B* (%) |
O2 uptake (mg) |
B* (%) |
O2 uptake (mg) |
B* (%) |
O2 uptake (mg) |
B* |
|||||||
(%) |
Average (%) |
|||||||||||||
1 |
Water + Test substance |
30.02 |
2.009 |
0.000 |
- |
0.000 |
- |
0.000 |
- |
0.000 |
- |
- |
||
2 |
Sludge + Test substance |
30.01 |
2.009 |
0.000 |
0 |
1.439 |
2 |
2.954 |
2 |
4.134 |
3 |
4 |
||
3 |
30.03 |
2.009 |
0.000 |
0 |
1.607 |
2 |
3.014 |
3 |
4.777 |
4 |
||||
4 |
30.02 |
2.009 |
0.000 |
0 |
1.241 |
1 |
2.743 |
2 |
4.667 |
4 |
||||
5 |
Sludge + Aniline |
30.00 |
2.405 |
62.94 |
87 |
72.17 |
99 |
73.53 |
100 |
74.23 |
100 |
- |
||
6 |
Sludge blank |
— |
— |
0.000 |
— |
0.450 |
— |
1.485 |
— |
2.359 |
— |
- |
*: Percentage biodegradation
Table 2: Biodegradability from the H PLC Measurement
Bottle No. |
Test system |
TM |
||||||||
Weight (mg) |
Peak area |
Dilution factor |
Concentration in the methanol extract* |
Residual amount** |
% biodegradation |
Disappearance rate |
||||
(µg/mL) |
(mg) |
(%) |
Average (%) |
(%) |
Average (%) |
|||||
1 |
Water + Test substance |
|
30.02 |
32274 |
20 |
20.53 |
20.53 |
— |
32 |
— |
2 |
Sludge + Test substance |
30.01 |
35688 |
20 |
22.68 |
22.68 |
-11 |
5 |
24 |
35 |
3 |
30.03 |
30683 |
20 |
19.52 |
19.52 |
5 |
35 |
|||
4 |
30.02 |
25737 |
20 |
16.40 |
16.40 |
20 |
45 |
|||
6 |
Sludge blank |
— |
0 |
1 |
0.007 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
*: Concentration in the methanol extract (µg/mL) = Detected concentration (µg/mL) * Dilution factor
**: Residual amount (mg) = Concentration in the methanol extract (µg/mL) x 1000 (mL) * 1E-3
Table 3: Quantitation Results
Bottle No. |
test system |
Initial weight (mg) |
TM (mg) |
MBC* (mg) |
AV-1951*(mg) |
2-AB* (mg) |
Total weight (mg) |
1 |
Water + Test substance |
30.02 |
20.53 |
1.94 |
1.01 |
0.01 |
23.49 |
2 |
Sludge + Test substance |
30.01 |
22.68 |
5.04 |
1.99 |
0.07 |
29.78 |
3 |
30.03 |
19.52 |
5.54 |
2.14 |
0.10 |
27.30 |
|
4 |
30.02 |
16.40 |
5.52 |
2.11 |
0.09 |
24.12 |
*: Converted values into the weight of TM
Table 4: Production Rate of Ammonia
Bottle |
Test system |
Production rate (%) |
|||
No. |
Measurement 1 |
Measurement 2 |
Measurement 3 |
Average |
|
1 (for Nitrification) |
Water + Test substance |
< 5 |
< 5 |
< 5 |
< 5 |
2 (for Nitrification) |
|
0 |
0.3 |
0 |
0.1 |
3 (for Nitrification) |
Sludge + Test substance |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 (for Nitrification) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 (for Nitrification) |
Sludge + Aniline |
98.3 |
93.1 |
95.8 |
95.7 |
Description of key information
The ready biodegradability test of the test item was conducted according to OECD 301 C and the percentage biodegradation obtained from the BOD measurement was 4 % (n = 3, mean value).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The ready biodegradability test of the test item was conducted according to OECD Guideline for Testing Chemicals 301 C (1992). Biological oxygen demand (BOD) which occurred by the degradation of the test item in the presence of the standard activated sludge was measured periodically (28 days) with an enclosed respirometer. After the measurement of BOD, the concentration of the test item was determined with high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). And then the biodegradability of the test item was evaluated from the results of the BOD and HPLC measurements. The percentage biodegradation obtained from the BOD measurement was 4 % (n = 3, mean value).
On the other hand, the percentage biodegradation obtained from the HPLC measurement was not evaluated because the residual amount of the test item in the [Water + Test substance] system at the end of incubation was less than 90 % of the initially applied amount. The disappearance rates of the test item were 35 % (n = 3, mean value) in the [Sludge + Test substance] system and 32 % in the [Water + Test substance] system. Since Carbendazim, AV-1951 and 2-AB were confirmed to be the degradation products in these systems, the recovery of the test item was calculated by summing up the amounts of these products and the residual amount of the test item. As a result, the test item in each system was recovered almost quantitatively. Since the test item was known to be hydrolysed in aqueous solutions, it was judged that the influence of hydrolysis is bigger than that of biodegradation in the degradation of the test item in the [Sludge + Test substance] system. Therefore, it was concluded that the test item is not ready biodegradable.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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