Nonene

Specific investigations: other studies

Administrative data

Endpoint:

specific investigations: other studies

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2013

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Supporting study, no GLP, No guideline required.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in Section 13.

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2012

Report date:

2013

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

The Use of Everted Rat Small Intestinal Sacs In Vitro to Estimate Relative Absorption Potential of a Series of Alpha Olefins. Annual Meeting Abstract Supplement, Society of Toxicology, 2015 Abstract no. 1593

Author:

Penman M, Powrie RH and Elcombe CR

Year:

2014

Bibliographic source:

Annual Meeting Abstract Supplement, Society of Toxicology, 2015 Abstract no. 1593

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

In vitro gut absorption study

GLP compliance:

no

Type of method:

in vitro

Endpoint addressed:

other: in vitro gut absorption

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available

IUPAC Name:

Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available

Test material form:

other: liquid

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
Male Han Wistar rats (approx. 8-12 weeks old) were obtained from Harlan, Bicester, UK.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

other: gut absorption model

Vehicle:

not specified

Results and discussion

Details on results:

The C6, C8-C10 (C9 Rich) and C10 molecules were readily absorbed into the intestinal sacs. Marked inter-compound differences were observed, with the amount of absorption generally decreasing with increasing Carbon number. Olefins with 14 carbons and over were either not absorbed or very poorly absorbed (Figure 1).
The results can be explained analyzing the differences between olefins and dietary-derived fatty acids, which derived from the liase-mediated hydrolysis of dietary triglycerides in the small intestine. In fact, the fatty acids contain an ionisable caboxylic acid function. Due to the small intestine pH, a great amount of fatty acids exist in the form of carboxylate anions in the small intestine. Fatty acid In fact they are absorbed via the intestinal villi and reassembled into triglycerides and/or via a specific fatty acid transporter protein in the membrane. The carboxylic acid functional group is essential in this step. In addition, a considerable fraction of the fatty acids also enter the enterocyte via a specific fatty acid transporter protein in the membrane.The Vitamin K (lipophilic compound) was also tested. Results showed the poor absorption as well as the olefins >12 C.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Olefins containing C6, C8 -C10 (C9 Rich) and C10 molecules were readily absorbed into the intestinal sacs. Marked inter-compound differences in absorption were observed, with the amount of absorption decreasing profoundly with increasing Carbon number.
 

Executive summary:

An in vitro gut absorption study was performed to determine and rank the intestinal absorption potential of a series of alpha-olefins (Table1). Everted sacs were incubated in “Fed-state Simulated Small Intestinal Fluid” saturated with individual olefins. The sac contents were then collected, extracted and analysed for olefin content using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection. The result of the study showed that the olefins containing C6, C8 -C10 (C9 Rich) and C10 molecules were readily absorbed into the intestinal sacs. Marked inter-compound differences in absorption were observed, with the amount of absorption decreasing profoundly with increasing Carbon number.