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EC number: 211-492-3 | CAS number: 652-67-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.107 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 1.07 mg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.011 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 2 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.4 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.04 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 0.016 mg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC oral
- PNEC value:
- 8.31 mg/kg food
- Assessment factor:
- 90
Additional information
PNEC water(freshwater)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
||||
PNEC water (freshwater) |
0.107 mg/L |
1000 |
Based on the results of three short-term toxicity studies with freshwater aquatic organisms |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008)is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of long-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.
Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available. The most critical result is the 48 hrs EC50 in daphnia of 107.3 mg/L, hence it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 107.3 mg/L as the lowest end of the toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 1000 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.107 mg/L.
PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/1000 = 0.107 mg/L
PNEC water (marine water)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC water (marine water) |
0.0107 mg/L |
10000 |
Based on the results of three short-term toxicity studies with freshwater aquatic organisms |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of long-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.
Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available. The most critical result is the 48 hrs EC50 in daphnia of 107.3 mg/L, hence it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 107.3 mg/L as the lowest end of the toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 10000 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 0.0107 mg/L.
PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/10000 = 0.0107 mg/L
PNEC water (intermittent release)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC water (intermittent release) |
1.07 mg/L |
100 |
Based on the results of three short-term toxicity studies with freshwater aquatic organisms |
The general principle given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the PNEC-values derived for freshwater or marine waters are based on the implicit assumption that the environmental exposure is constant. However, in many cases, discharges will be limited in time. In such cases, the environmental exposure will also be limited in time, and it is assumed that when exposure stops rapidly, populations can tolerate higher concentrations than when it is long lasting.
Short-term results from fish, daphnia and algae representing three trophic levels are available. The most critical result is the 48 hrs EC50 in daphnia of 107.3 mg/L, hence it seems appropriate in this assessment to consider 107.3 mg/L as the lowest end of the toxicity range for aquatic organisms. This range covers three taxonomic groups, fish, invertebrates and algae, and taking into account the recommendations of the ECHA guidance, a factor of 100 to the lowest end of the short-term toxicity range is applied, obtaining a PNEC for aquatic organisms of 1.07 mg/L.
PNEC aquatic organisms = short-term toxicity range/100 = 1.07 mg/L
PNEC Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) |
2.0 |
10 |
Based on the results of a ready biodegradation test |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor.
The PNEC is derived from the available ready biodegradability test (OECD 301B). An assessment factor (AF) of 10 is applied to the test concentration of 20 mg/L at which the test item is not assumed to be inhibitory towards inoculum, obtaining a PNEC for microorganisms of 1.0 mg/L.
PNEC microorganisms = test concentration with no toxicity /10 = 2.0 mg/L
PNEC sediment (freshwater)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC sediment (freshwater) |
0.40 mg/kg |
Not applicable |
Equilibrium partitioning Chemical class for Koc – QSAR: Alcohols Log Kow: <-1 |
An estimation of the PNEC sediment can be performed according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):
PNEC sediment = (Ksusp-water / RHOsusp) * PNECwater * 1000
Where:
Ksusp-water = 0.932 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)
RHOsusp = 1150 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)
PNECwater [freshwater] = 0.107 mg/L
Conversion factor wet-dry suspended matter = 4.6
Hence:
PNECsediment wet = (0.932 / 1150) * 0.107 * 1000 = 0.087 mg/kg
PNECsediment dry = 0.0867 * 4.6 = 0.40 mg/kg
PNEC sediment (marine water)
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC sediment (marine water) |
0.040 mg/kg |
Not applicable |
Equilibrium partitioning Chemical class for Koc – QSAR: Alcohols Log Kow: <-1 |
An estimation of the PNEC sediment can be performed according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):
PNEC sediment = (Ksusp-water / RHOsusp) * PNECwater * 1000
Where:
Ksusp-water = Ksusp-water = 0.932 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)
RHOsusp = 1150 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)
PNECwater [marine] = 0.0107 mg/L
Conversion factor wet-dry suspended matter = 4.6 (according to EUSES2.1)
Hence:
PNECsediment = (0.932 / 1150) * 0.0107 * 1000 = 0.0087 mg/kg
PNECsediment dry = 0.0087 * 4.6 = 0.040 mg/kg
PNEC soil
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC soil |
0.016 mg/kg |
Not applicable |
Equilibrium partitioning Chemical class for Koc – QSAR: Alcohols Log Kow: <-1 Water solubility: >10000 mg/L at 20 °C Vapour pressure: 0.0068 Pa at 20°C MW: 146.1 g/mol |
An estimation of the PNECsoil can be performed according to the equilibrium partitioning method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008):
PNECsoil = (Ksoil-water / RHOsoil) * PNECwater * 1000
Where:
Ksoil-water = 0.239 m3 /m3 (according to EUSES2.1)
RHOsoil = 1700 kg/m3 (according to the “R16” Guidance document (2008) equation R16-23)
PNECwater [freshwater] = 0.107 mg/L
Conversion factor wet-dry soil = 1.13 (according to EUSES2.1)
Hence:
PNECsoil wet = (0.239 / 1700) * 0.107 * 1000 = 0.015 mg/kg
PNECsoil dry = 0.015 * 1.13 = 0.016 mg/kg
PNEC oral
|
Value |
Assessment factor |
Remarks/Justification |
PNEC oral |
8.31 mg/kg food |
90 |
Based on the result of a sub-chronic study in mammals. |
The general principle of the method given by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.10 (May 2008) is that the result from a laboratory test is divided by an appropriate assessment factor. PNECs are estimated by division of the lowest value for the toxicity with the relevant assessment factor. Results of long-term tests are preferred to those of short-term tests, because such results give a more realistic picture of effects on the organisms during their entire life cycle.
The most relevant data for derivation of the PNEC for secondary poisoning are from a 90 days study in the rat. The NOEC of 748 mg/kg bw/day is available.
According to Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment (2003) an assessment factor of 90 is appropriate for the results of a study of this duration. Therefore, applying this assessment factor:
PNECoral = NOEC/AF = 748/90 = 8.31 mg/kg food
Conclusion on classification
Aquatic Toxicity acute
The fish, daphnia, and algae acute aquatic toxicity are greater than 1 mg/L (96h LC50 (fish) > 119 mg/L, 48h EC50 (daphnia)
> 107.5 mg/L and 72h EC50 (algae) > 121.5 mg/L).
As a result, the substance does not meet the criteria for acute classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, Annex I section 4.1
Aquatic Toxicity chronic
The fish, daphnia, and algae acute aquatic toxicity are greater than 10 mg/l and lower than 100 mg/L (96h LC50 (fish) > 119 mg/L, 48h EC50 (daphnia) > 107.5 mg/L , and 72h ErC50 (algae) =51.4 mg/L)
As well, the substance is very soluble, ready biodegradable and has a Log Kow of -1.39. As a result, the substance does not meet the criteria for chronic classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, Annex I section 4.1.Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.