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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 421-450-8 | CAS number: 154702-15-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7 347 µg/m³
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 14 694 µg/m³
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7 347 µg/m³
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7 347 µg/m³
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8 333 µg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 16 666 µg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 388 µg/cm²
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 388 µg/cm²
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 60
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOAEL
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
All the DNELs values were derived starting from the OECD 421 combined repro study in rodent where a clear NOAEL (500 mg(kg/day) was determined by oral administration of the substance at fixed doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day. This reference NOAEL was selected as the lowest one. Those observed in the 28-day study after dietary administration of the substance were 831 and 963 mg/kg bw/day for male and female respectively. Inhalation and dermal systemic DNELs were calculated adopting a route to route extrapolation assessment considering differences in the absorption rate by oral rat and inhalation humans. Concerning the DNELdermal local we considered as starting point the calculation done on the basis of the data from the irritation study by skin application as the worst case approach.
DNELacute where also calculated in order to evaluate possible peak exposures (short exposure of 15 minutes) in particular for inhalation and dermal effects where. A factor of 2 was applied to the NOAELoral and deemed enough conservative.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 812 µg/m³
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 3 623 µg/m³
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 812 µg/m³
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 812 µg/m³
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4 167 µg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8 333 µg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 694 µg/cm²
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 694 µg/cm²
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: NOAEL
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4 167 µg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8 333 µg/kg bw/day
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 120
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
All the DNELs values were derived starting from the OECD 421 combined repro study in rodent where a clear NOAEL (500 mg(kg/day) was determined by oral administration of the substance at fixed doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day. This reference NOAEL was selected as the lowest one. Those observed in the 28-day study after dietary administration of the substance were 831 and 963 mg/kg bw/day for male and female respectively. Inhalation and dermal systemic DNELs were calculated adopting a route to route extrapolation assessment considering differences in the absorption rate by oral rat and inhalation humans. Concerning the DNELdermal local we considered as starting point the calculation done on the basis of the data from the irritation study by skin application as the worst case approach.
DNELacute where also calculated in order to evaluate possible peak exposures (short exposure of 15 minutes) in particular for inhalation and dermal effects where. A factor of 2 was applied to the NOAELoral and deemed enough conservative.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.