Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 233-484-9 | CAS number: 10196-04-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
- Remarks:
- combined repeated dose and carcinogenicity
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well-documented paper primarily directed to study the effect of SO2 on the induction of squamous cell carcinoma (SQCA) by inhaled benzo(a)pyrene.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The effect of inhaled sulfur dioxide and systemic sulfite on the induction of lung carcinoma in rats by benzo[a]pyrene.
- Author:
- Gunnison, A.F.; et al.
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Res. 46, 59-73
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Male Sprague-Dawley CD rats were exposed in chambers to nominal concentrations of 0, 10 or 30 ppm SO2 for 6 hr per day, 5 days per weeks for 21 weeks. Thereafter, the rats were observed for the development of tumours in the respiratory tract for 737 days.
Systemic exposure to sulphite/bisulphite was accomplished by inducing sulphite oxidase deficiency by means of high tungsten to molybdenum ratio in the diet. Sulphite oxidase deficiency results in an accumulation of endogenously generated sulphite.
Complete necropsy was performed on all animals with particular attention given to the respiratory tract. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sulphur dioxide
- EC Number:
- 231-195-2
- EC Name:
- Sulphur dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 7446-09-5
- IUPAC Name:
- oxosulfane oxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): sulfur dioxide
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): SO2
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 64.07 g/mol
- Physical state: colourless gas
No further information given.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River, Wilmington, MA facility
- Age at study initiation: 9 weeks
- Housing: housed in wire cages suspended in racks
- Diet: Ourina Laboratory Chow, ad libitum
- Water: tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 3 weeks
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Humidity (%): 61 +/- 10 %
- Air changes (per hr): 5 air changes /min
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: gas
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Remarks on MMAD:
- MMAD / GSD: not applicable
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Animals were exposed to SO2 in stainless-steel/plexiglass dynamic chambers.
- Air change rate: 5 air changes/min.
- Air supply passed through a high efficiency particulate filter capable of removing particles of 0.3 µm in diameter.
Detailed method description in "Gunnison, A.F.; et al. (1987): The distribution, metabolism and toxicity of inhaled sulfur dioxide and endogenously-generated sulfite in the respiratory tract of normal and sulfite oxidase-deficientrats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 21, 141-162." - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- - Actual chamber concentrations were determined by a rapid iodine titration method.
- Concentrations of SO2 were 10.0 +/- 0.4 and 29.6 +/- 0.6 ppm; daily standard variations average approximately 11 % of the mean concentration. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 21 weeks (101 exposure days)
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hr per day, 5 days per weeks
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
10 ppm SO2
Basis:
nominal conc.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
30 ppm SO2
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- - 20 animals per group (exposure groups)
- 46 colony control animals (exposure to room air) - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Details on study design:
- Rationale for animal assignment: randomly
- Positive control:
- no data
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly or biweekly during the experimental period and monthly later
FOOD CONSUMPTION: No data
FOOD EFFICIENCY: No
WATER CONSUMPTION: No
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: No data
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: No data
URINALYSIS: No data
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No - Sacrifice and pathology:
- SACRIFICE
- Animals were allowed to die naturally or were sacrificed if moribund until 737 days.
- All remaining animals were sacrificed after 737 days.
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
- Complete necropsy was performed on all animals with particular attention given to the respiratory tract.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
- All organs were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin.
- Histologic sections were prepared from each lobe of the lung, the trachea, larynx, and other organs where gross pathology was present. - Other examinations:
- - In the systemic erxposure series, systemic exposure was acomplished by inducing sulfite oxidase deficiency, thus allowing endogenously generated sulfite to accumulate to concentrations that were greatly elevated compared to "normal" rats.
- The level of sulfite exposure was controlled by regulation of the degree of sulfite oxidase deficiency. Enzyme deficiency was induced by maintaining high tungsten (W) to molybdenum (Mo) ratio in rats' diet.
- Detailed method description in "Gunnison, A.F.; et al. (1987): The distribution, metabolism and toxicity of inhaled sulfur dioxide and endogenously-generated sulfite in the respiratory tract of normal and sulfite oxidase-deficient rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 21, 141-162." - Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- not examined
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
- Survival was not altered by SO2 inhalation.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
- Exposure of rats to 10 or 30 ppm SO2 did not affect the body weight gain.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NEOPLASTIC (if applicable)
- Exposure to SO2 did not result in tumour formation in the lung (squamous cell carcinoma, mixed carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, papilloma, adenoma, or fibrosarcoma).
- A statistically insignificant increase in the incidence of mammary tumours (fibroadenoma and adenocarcinoma) was observed in the sulphite oxidase-deficient rats.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Remarks:
- no NOAEC identified
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- No NOAEC could be derived from the study. No significant adverse effects have been reported from SO2 exposure.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
![ECHA](/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/echa_logo.png)