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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 208-754-4 | CAS number: 540-72-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Effects on fertility
Effect on fertility: via oral route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on fertility: via inhalation route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on fertility: via dermal route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
For reproduction toxicity limited data is available. Studies focus on the possible goitrogen effects of thiocyanate. A 2 generation study in which the mothers are continuously fed 25 mg KSCN/rat/day from weaning (21 days age) via the diet (25 mg/rat at weaning ~ 1000 mg/kgbw/day; at adulthood about 100 mg/kg bw/day). After 8 weeks the KSCN fed rats became hypothyroid and mating took place. Animals were kept on their respective diets throughout gestations and lactation. F1 females were kept at their mothers diets after weaning throughout subsequent pregnancy and lactation. The resulting F2 pups seemed normal and showed no differences in BW at birth or during weaning. However, T4 levels were markedly lower. Despite the relative high levels of thiocyanates, no obvious reproductive effects were observed. (Raghunath M & Bala TS, 1989, Neurochem. Int., Vol.33, pp:173-177)
From other studies it is probable that the compound has an adverse effect on the development the embryo: the effect on brain microtubuli formation and thyroid function occurred in conjunction with maternal effects. However, it is not possible to conclude that these effects in the offspring are specific developmental effects. Therefore, the data are insufficient to make a proposal for C&L and a specific NOAEL for developmental toxicity or reproduction toxicity cannot be derived. However, based on the available information is seems reasonable to assume that thiocyanate will not exert developmental or reproductive toxicity at levels at which thyroid function is not impacted.
Offspring is naturally exposed during lactation as thiocyanate is excreted by the mammary glands for a functional use as substrate for peroxidase in milk. Various reports on thiocyanate measurements in breast milk report levels of thiocyanate between 1–5 mg/L.
[http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/23/2/97;Dorea JG, 2004, Maternal Thiocyanate and Thyroid Status during Breast-Feeding; J Am.Coll.Nutrit. 23(2), 97-101.]
Short description of key information:
All studies available for the aspect of reproductive toxicity are articles published in open literature. No GLP studies are available. None of the studies described in the publications is performed according to one of the OECD guidelines on reproductive toxicity (OECD 414, 415 or 416). Study design sometimes resembles those described the guidelines but none of the studies examined all the parameters requested to evaluate the effects on parents, foetuses and/or pups. Most studies focus only on the effect of thiocyanate on the thyroid function and on the development of the brain of neonates.
Justification for selection of Effect on fertility via oral route:
The data available do not allow a firm conclusion regarding the NOAEL for reproduction toxicity. Indications are at levels not leading to hypothyroidy, reproduction toxicity is unlikely. Based on the fact that humans are naturally exposed to thiocyanates by food further studies are not considered necessary. For further details see section 13 of the IUCLID5 and section 5.11 of the CSR.
Justification for selection of Effect on fertility via inhalation route:
The likelihood for exposure via inhalation is low. The vapour pressure is extremely low (< 1.33 x 10-8 Pa) and thus does not present any potential for inhalation exposure due to volatilization of the salt. Furthermore thiocyanates are very hygroscopic (see granulometry). Inhalable particles are not available and will also not be formed during handling and use of the substance.
Justification for selection of Effect on fertility via dermal route:
Dermal absorption is lower than absorption via oral route. Testing via dermal route is therefore not preferred.
Effects on developmental toxicity
Description of key information
All studies available for the aspect of reproductive toxicity are articles published in open literature. No GLP studies are available. None of the studies described in the publications is performed according to one of the OECD guidelines on developmental toxicity (OECD 414). Study design sometimes resembles those described the guidelines but none of the studies examined all the parameters requested to evaluate the effects on parents, foetuses and/or pups. Most studies focus only on the effect of thiocyanate on the thyroid function and on the development of the brain of neonates.
Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
See above under fertility.
For reproduction toxicity limited data is available. Studies focus on the possible goitrogen effects of thiocyanate. A 2-generation study with fixed dose levels in the food resulting to exposures of 100 -1000 mg/kgbw for the females, resulted to hypothyroidy of the animals, but did not results in overt reproduction toxicity as judged by the normal body weights of the pups. Although data available do not allow a firm conclusion regarding possible NOAEL for reproduction toxicity, based on the fact that humans are naturally exposed to thiocyanates by food, and the additional exposure through use of thiocyanates are limited in comparison, further studies are not considered necessary.
Justification for selection of Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route:
The data available do not allow a firm conclusion regarding the NOAEL for developmental toxicity. Indications are at levels not leading to hypothyroidy, developmental toxicity is unlikely. Based on the fact that humans are naturally exposed to thiocyanates by food further studies are not considered necessary. For further details see section 13 of the IUCLID5 and section 5.11 of the CSR.
Justification for selection of Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route:
The likelihood for exposure via inhalation is low. The vapour pressure is extremely low (< 1.33 x 10-8 Pa) and thus does not present any potential for inhalation exposure due to volatilization of the salt. Furthermore thiocyanates are very hygroscopic (see granulometry). Inhalable particles are not available and will also not be formed during handling and use of the substance.
Justification for selection of Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route:
Dermal absorption is lower than absorption via oral route. Testing via dermal route is therefore not preferred.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The data available do not allow a firm conclusion regarding the NOAEL for reproduction toxicity. Indications are at levels not leading to hypothyroidy, reproduction toxicity is unlikely. Based on the fact that humans are naturally exposed to thiocyanates by food further studies are not considered necessary. For further details see section 13 of the IUCLID5 and section 5.11 of the CSR.
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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