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EC number: 233-072-9 | CAS number: 10028-22-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Phototransformation in water
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Iron exposure to light gives reduction of the ferric form. Equilibrium speciation rather than unidirectional reaction applies under environmental conditions. Organically bound iron species were transformed to ionic species under light influence.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
- Johnson I, Sorokin N, Atkinson C, Rule K, Hope S-J (2007). Proposed EQS for Water Framework Directive Annex VIII substances: iron (total dissolved). ISBN: 978-1-84432-660-0. Science Report: SC040038/SR9. SNIFFER Report: WFD52(ix). Product Code SCHO0407BLWB-E-E. Self-published by Environment Agency, Bristol, U.K. 65 p.
Justification of read-across
The environmental fate assessment of the submission item must be based on the metal kations considering their speciation, while the anions can be considered nontoxic ubiquitary present species in the environment. The subject of the available publications (Barbeau 2006, Emmenegger et al. 2001, Hong & Kester 1986, Johnson et al. 2007, Kopácek et al. 2005, Rose & Waite 2003) is metal species which may be formed from the submission item, which is in conclusion considered appropriate for the assessment of the submission item.
Photolysis
Photolysis is considered not applicable for the naturally occurring species of iron according to the U.K. Environment Agency evaluations (Johnson et al. 2007). Anyhow phototransformation of metal species rather than photolysis should be considered as environmentally reversible light-induced speciation rather than cleaving of chemical bounds are relevant for metals. Light may have influence of the speciation of iron in water under environmental conditions.
Photoreduction
Photoreduction of ferric (Fe 3+) kations to ferrous (Fe 2+) kations is evidenced and subject to a number of publications (Barbeau 2006, Emmenegger et al. 2001, Hong & Kester 1986, Kopácek et al. 2005, Rose & Waite 2003). The process overcompensates the aerobic oxidation resulting in the presence of ferrous (Fe 2+) ions during daylight and disappearing during the night (Kopácek et al. 2005).
Photoliberation
Organically bound iron (chelated in organic complexes) was under the influence of 300 nm light in a laboratory experiment transformed to ionic species and thus photoliberated with a half-life of less than 12 h (Kopácek et al. 2005).
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