Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 233-072-9 | CAS number: 10028-22-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Publication, not fully documented; iron salt was used in watery solution exceeding by far the water solubility so that flocculation and mechanical hindrance are likely effect triggers
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- In vitro effects of metal ions (Fe2+, Mn2+, Pb2+) on sperm motility and lipid peroxidation in human semen
- Author:
- Huang YL, Tseng WC, Lin TH
- Year:
- 2 001
- Bibliographic source:
- DOI 10.1080/009841001459414 PMID 11245395 J Tox Env Health 62(4):259-67
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- In vitro effect of iron salt solutions on human sperm motility and lipid peroxidation
- Endpoint addressed:
- toxicity to reproduction / fertility
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In vitro study with human semen to investigate the effects of metal ions on sperm motility and lipid peroxidation. Human sperm was incubated with ferrous nitrate at concentrations of 5, 50 and 500 ppm.
Sperm motility was determined by microscopy, and lipid peroxidation was assessed by determination of MDA by HPLC.
MDA (malondialdehyde) is used as marker of lipid peroxidation.
In the publication apart of ferrous nitrate, also effects of lead nitrate and manganese nitrate was investigated but not reported in the RSS. - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ferrous nitrate , Fe(NO3)2 x 9H2O
- IUPAC Name:
- Ferrous nitrate , Fe(NO3)2 x 9H2O
- Reference substance name:
- 13520-68-8
- Cas Number:
- 13520-68-8
- IUPAC Name:
- 13520-68-8
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): ferrous nitrate Fe(NO3)2 x 9H2O purchased from Merck, Germany
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Details on study design:
- Fresh semen samples provided from 5 healthy volunteers were evaluated according to the WHO Guidelines (1992) including volume, sperm concentration, percent motility, and sperm morphology. Semen samples with leukocyte-to-spermatozoa concentration of <5 % were used for the test. All samples were collected by masturbation after 3 to 4 days of abstinence.
135 µL semen was mixed with 15 µL of saline (control) or 50, 500 or 5000 ppm of metal ion solution.
For the time-course experiment: semen samples were incubated for 2, 4, 6, or 8 hours with saline or with metal ions. For the concentration-effect experiment: semen samples were incubated for 2 to 8 hours with saline or with 5, 50 or 500 ppm metal ions. For the study on MDA levels: Semen were treated with metal ions for 8 h. After 8 h of treatment, the semen was centrifuged at 7000 x g for 15 min to separate the sperm and sperm plasma.
Sperm Motility Assay:
Motility was defined as percentage of sperm count with light microscopy. At least 200 spermatozoa per sample were examined. All motile sperm were viable and considered vigorous.
Lipid Peroxidation Assay:
Duplicate aliquots of sperm plasma (50 µL) were analysed for MDA by thiobarbituric acid reaction. With HPLC separation of the MDA-TBA adduct using tetra-ethoxypropane as standard, according to Wong et al. (1987).
Statistical evaluation
All values presented as mean SD. Statistical significance was evaluated using Student’s t-test when control and metal ion-treated semen were compared for the sperm motility and lipid peroxidation after2 to 8 h incubation. Level of significance at p < 0.05 - Exposure assessment:
- estimated
- Details on exposure:
- EXPOSURE LEVELS: ferrous nitrate at concentrations of 5, 50 and 500 ppm
EXPOSURE PERIOD:
-Time-course experiment: semen samples were incubated for 2, 4, 6, or 8 hours with control (saline) or with metal ion
-Concentration-effect experiment: semen samples were incubated for 2 to 8 hours with control (saline) or with metal ion
-Study on MDA levels: Semen were treated with metal ions for 8h
POSTEXPOSURE PERIOD:
None, evaluation was made immediately
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Reduction in sperm motility was associated with lipid peroxidation: significant inhibition of motility was observed at 5 ppm Fe2+ associated with a marked rise in malondialdehyde (MDA).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Exposure to 5 ppm Fe2+for 6 h resulted in a decrease of sperm motility. Exposure to 50 and 500 ppm Fe2+significantly reduced sperm motility at 4 and 2 h, respectively which maintained for 8 h. Fe2+significantly increased MDA levels in seminal plasma starting at the low dose.
The iron salt was used in watery solution exceeding by far the water solubility so that flocculation and mechanical hindrance are likely effect triggers
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Reduction in sperm motility was associated with lipid peroxidation: significant inhibition of motility was observed at 5 ppm Fe2+ onwards associated with a marked rise in malondialdehyde (MDA).
- Executive summary:
An in vitro study with human semen was conducted with ferrous nitrate (Fe(NO3)2x 9H2O) in order to investigate the effects of Fe2 +ions on sperm motility and lipid peroxidation. Human sperm was incubated with ferrous nitrate at concentrations of 5, 50 and 500 ppm. Sperm motility was determined by microscopy, and lipid peroxidation was assessed by determination of MDA by HPLC. MDA (malondialdehyde) is used as marker of lipid peroxidation.
Exposure to 5 ppm Fe2+for 6h resulted in a decrease of sperm motility. Exposure to 50 and 500 ppm Fe2+significantly reduced sperm motility at 4 and 2h, respectively which maintained for 8h. Fe2+significantly increased MDA levels in seminal plasma starting at the low dose. However, it is concluded by the applicant that this study is only of minor relevance for living organisms.
The iron salt was used in watery solution exceeding by far the water solubility so that flocculation and mechanical hindrance are likely effect triggers
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
![ECHA](/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/echa_logo.png)