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EC number: 231-143-9 | CAS number: 7440-33-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Toxicity to soil microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008-09-11 to 2009-10-13
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- GLP study performed according to OECD Guideline 217 (Soil Microorganisms: Carbon Transformation Test) with the following deviation- the test substance characterization was not performed in accordance with GLP. The reliability of this study for the substance tested is a K1, but in application of read-across to a different substance ECHA’s guidance specifies that the score can be a maximum of K2. Due to lower transformation/dissolution results for tungsten metal (the target substance) than sodium tungstate (the source substance), the resulting toxicity potential would also be expected to be lower, so read-across is appropriate. In addition, read-across is justified because the classification and labelling is the less severe for the target substance and the PBT/vPvB profile is the same. Finally, the dose descriptor for the target substance is expected to be sufficiently higher than the source chemical, and read-across to the source chemical is adequately protective. For more details refer to the attached description of the read across approach on Annex 3 in the CSR.
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH: The hypothesis is that properties are likely to be similar or follow a similar pattern because of the presence of a common metal ion, in this case tungstate.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES):
Source: Sodium Tungstate
Target: Tungsten metal
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION: See Annex 3 in CSR
4. DATA MATRIX: See Annex 3 in CSR - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 217 (Soil Microorganisms: Carbon Transformation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test substance characterization was not performed in accordance with GLP.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
not applicable - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- not applicable
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- AMENDMENT OF SOIL
- Type of organic substrate: Sandy clay loam, collected from Grand Forks North Dakota, April 7, 2009, at a depth of 4-8 inches from a field plot. Stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C until used. Immediately prior to use, soil was passed through a 2mm sieve.
- Other: not applicable
APPLICATION OF TEST SUBSTANCE TO SOIL
- Method: 20 g aliquots (dry weight) of soil were weighed into eighteen 250 mL Pyrex bottles. Bottles were fitted with foam plugs for air exchange. Soil moisture was adjusted to 40-60% of water holding capacity. Soil samples were incubated 6 days at 20 °C. Then, a 20.1 mg/mL stock solution was prepared using 503.9 mg sodium tungstate in a 25 mL volumetric flask, correcting for active ingredient content (99.9%) and bringing to volume with reagent water. Nine samples were dosed with 0.995 mL of the solution. The remaining nine were dosed with the same volume of reagent water only. Each sample was mixed thoroughly.
VEHICLE:
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): not applicable
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: not applicable - Test organisms (inoculum):
- other: soil microorganisms
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- Moisture:
- 40-60% of the water holding capacity
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: ABC Laboratories, Columbia, Missouri
- Test container (type, material, size): 250 mL Pyrex
- Amount of soil: 20 g
- No. of replicates per concentration: 9
- No. of replicates per control: 9
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: N/A
SOIL INCUBATION
- Method: series of individual subsamples
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographical reference of sampling site (latitude, longitude): Grand Forks, North Dakota, N 47 deg 48.145', W097 deg 37.237'
- History of site:
- Vegetation cover: Field site
- Treatments with pesticides or fertilisers: Pesticide free
- Depth of sampling: 4-8 inches
- Soil texture
- % sand: 59%
- % silt: 18%
- % clay: 23%
- Soil taxonomic classification: Sandy clay loam
- Soil classification system: USDA texture
- pH (in water): 7.1
- Initial nitrate concentration for nitrogen transformation test (mg nitrate/kg dry weight): N/A
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): N/A
- Cation exchange capacity (mmol/kg): 17.0
- Pretreatment of soil: Passed through 2 mm sieve
- Storage (condition, duration): refrigerated
- Initial microbial biomass as % of total organic C: 1.25%
DETAILS OF PREINCUBATION OF SOIL (if any): 6 days at 20 °C
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Respiration rate- Day 0 and Day 28
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 10, 100, 500 and 1,000 ug/g
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal- Control (0 mgkg) and 1000 mg sodium tungstate/kg soil dw
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: sodium tungstate concentration
- Basis for effect:
- respiration rate
- Details on results:
- - Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: none
- Other: not applicable - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The EC50 could not be calculated due to a lack of carbon transformation inhibition by the test substance.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test substance does not inhibit the carbon tranformation process at concentrations of up to 1000 mg test substance/kg soil dw.
- Executive summary:
No soil microorganisms toxicity data of sufficient quality are available for tungsten metal (target substance). However, soil microorganisms toxicity data are available for sodium tungstate (source substance), which are used for read-across. Due to lower water solubility and lower toxicity for the target substance compared to the source substance, the resulting read-across from the source substance to the target substance is appropriate as a conservative estimate of potential toxicity for this endpoint. In addition, read-across is appropriate because the PBT/vPvB profile is the same, and the dose descriptors are, or are expected to be, higher for the source substance. For more details, refer to the read-across category approach in the Category section of this IUCLID submission or Annex 3 in the CSR.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008-09-11 to 2009-10-13
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- GLP study performed according to OECD Guideline 216 (Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test) with the following deviations- the test substance and reference substance characterizations were not performed in accordance with GLP. The reliability of this study for the substance tested is a K1, but in application of read-across to a different substance ECHA’s guidance specifies that the score can be a maximum of K2. Due to lower transformation/dissolution results for tungsten metal (the target substance) than sodium tungstate (the source substance), the resulting toxicity potential would also be expected to be lower, so read-across is appropriate. In addition, read-across is justified because the classification and labelling is the less severe for the target substance and the PBT/vPvB profile is the same. Finally, the dose descriptor for the target substance is expected to be sufficiently higher than the source chemical, and read-across to the source chemical is adequately protective. For more details refer to the attached description of the read across approach on Annex 3 in the CSR.
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH: The hypothesis is that properties are likely to be similar or follow a similar pattern because of the presence of a common metal ion, in this case tungstate.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES):
Source: Sodium Tungstate
Target: Tungsten metal
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION: See Annex 3 in CSR
4. DATA MATRIX: See Annex 3 in CSR - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 216 (Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test substance and reference substance characterizations were not performed in accordance with GLP.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- N/A
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
N/A - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- N/A
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- AMENDMENT OF SOIL
- Type of organic substrate: Sandy clay loam, collected from Grand Forks North Dakota, April 7, 2009, at a depth of 4-8 inches from a field plot. Stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C until used. Immediately prior to use, soil was passed through a 2mm sieve.
- Other: not applicable
APPLICATION OF TEST SUBSTANCE TO SOIL
- Method: 20 g aliquots (dry weight) of soil were weighed into eighteen 250 mL Pyrex bottles. Bottles were fitted with foam plugs for air exchange. Soil moisture was adjusted to 40-60% of water holding capacity. Soil samples were incubated 6 days at 20 °C. Then, a 20.1 mg/mL stock solution was prepared using 503.9 mg sodium tungstate in a 25 mL volumetric flask, correcting for active ingredient content (99.9%) and bringing to volume with reagent water. Nine samples were dosed with 0.995 mL of the solution. The remaining nine were dosed with the same volume of reagent water only. Each sample was mixed thoroughly.
VEHICLE:
- Chemical name of vehicle: not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: not applicable
- Evaporation of vehicle before use:not applicable - Test organisms (inoculum):
- other: soil microorganisms
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- Moisture:
- 40-60% of the water holding capacity
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: ABC Labs, Columbia, Missouri
- Test container (type, material, size): 250 mL Pyrex
- Amount of soil: 20 g
- No. of replicates per concentration: 9
- No. of replicates per control: 9
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: N/A
SOIL INCUBATION
- Method: series of individual subsamples
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographical reference of sampling site (latitude, longitude):Grand Forks, North Dakota, N 47 deg 48.145', W097 deg 37.237'
- History of site:
- Vegetation cover: Field site
- Treatments with pesticides or fertilizers: Pesticide free
- Depth of sampling: 4-8 inches
- Soil texture
- % sand: 59%
- % silt: 18%
- % clay: 23%
- Soil taxonomic classification: Sandy clay loam
- Soil classification system: USDA texture
- pH (in water): 7.1
- Initial nitrate concentration for nitrogen transformation test (mg nitrate/kg dry weight): N/A
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weigth): N/A
- Cation exchange capacity (mmol/kg): 17.0
- Pretreatment of soil: Passed through 2 mm sieve
- Storage (condition, duration): refrigerated
- Initial microbial biomass as % of total organic C: 1.25%
DETAILS OF PREINCUBATION OF SOIL (if any): 6 days at 20 °C
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Respiration rate- Day 0 and Day 28
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: Control, 1, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 ug of sodium tungstate/g of soil.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal- Control (0 mg/kg) and 1000 mg sodium tungstate/kg soil
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: highest concentration tested
- Details on results:
- The percent inhibition on day 28, based on nitrate concentration, was -8.8% in the 1,000 mg/kg treatments.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- N/A
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 28 day EC50 was > 1000 mg/kg, the highest concentration tested.
- Conclusions:
- The 28 day EC50 for the effect of sodium tungstate on nitrogen transformation based on nitrogen concentrations in the soil extracts was estimated to be > 1000 mg sodium tungstate/kg, the highest concentration tested.
- Executive summary:
No soil microorganisms toxicity data of sufficient quality are available for tungsten metal (target substance). However, soil microorganisms toxicity data are available for sodium tungstate (source substance), which are used for read-across. Due to lower water solubility and lower toxicity for the target substance compared to the source substance, the resulting read-across from the source substance to the target substance is appropriate as a conservative estimate of potential toxicity for this endpoint. In addition, read-across is appropriate because the PBT/vPvB profile is the same, and the dose descriptors are, or are expected to be, higher for the source substance. For more details, refer to the read-across category approach in the Category section of this IUCLID submission or Annex 3 in the CSR.
Referenceopen allclose all
Results
-Microbial plate counts at Day 0 and Day 28 in the treatment (6.0 x E6: Day 0, 1.2 x E7: Day 28) and control 1.6 x E6: Day 0 and 1.1 x E7: Day 28) indicated that the microbial populations remained active and viable during the course of the study.
-The average respiration rate of the Day 0 test substance was 89.3 mg/kg/hr, which differed from the average control respiration rate of 90.6 mg/kg/hr by -1.2%.
-The average respiration rate of the Day 28 test substance was 89.3 mg/kg/hr, which differed from the average control respiration rate of 92.3 mg/kg/hr by -3%.
-These results indicate that the test substance was not inhibitory to the carbon transformation process.
Results
-Microbial plate counts at Day 0 and Day 28 in the treatment (8.7 x 106; Day 0, 7.1 x 107; Day 28) and control 7.9 x 106 ;Day 0 and 6.4 x 107 ;Day 28) indicated that the microbial populations remained active and viable during the course of the study.
-The percent inhibition on Day 28 based on nitrogen concentration, was -8.8% in the 1000 mg/kg test substance.
-These results indicate that the test substance was not inhibitory to the carbon transformation process.
Description of key information
No sufficiently reliable studies were identified for tungsten metal toxicity in plants; therefore, read-across to sodium tungstate was used. In both a Carbon and a Nitrogen Transformation Test using sodium tungstate the 28-day EC50 was found to be > 1000 mg sodium tungstate/kg soil dw (approximately 586 mg W/kg soil dw).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 for soil microorganisms:
- 586 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Due to lower transformation/dissolution results for tungsten metal (the target substance) than sodium tungstate (the source substance), the resulting toxicity potential would also be expected to be lower, so read-across is appropriate. In addition, read-across is justified because the classification and labelling is the less severe for the target substance and the PBT/vPvB profile is the same. Finally, the dose descriptor for the target substance is expected to be sufficiently higher than the source chemical, and read-across to the source chemical is adequately protective. For more details, refer to the read-across category approach in the Category section of this IUCLID submission or Annex 3 in the CSR.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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