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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-396-5 | CAS number: 106-42-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.044 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 0.01 mg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.004 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 100
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC marine water (intermittent releases):
- 0.001 mg/L
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 1.6 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 2.52 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.252 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 0.852 mg/kg soil dw
- Assessment factor:
- 50
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
PNECs were derived for freshwater, saltwater, sediment, and soil using the experimental data or equilibrium partitioning calculations. The latter where experimental data was lacking.
The screening criteria for environmental toxicity in the PBT assessment is that a substance with an acute L(E)C50 <0.1 mg/L is considered to potentially meet the T criterion and an L(E)C50 <0.01 mg/L indicates a substance is definitely T. A chronic fish study is available for mixed xylenes and acute and chronic ecotoxicity data are available from studies conducted with m, p and o-xylene. The most conservative results are: 96 hour LC50 for fish is 2.6 mg/L for p-xylene (Galassi et al. 1988), 24 hour EC50 for invertebrates of 1 mg/L for o-xylene (Galassi et al. 1988), 73 hour EC50 for algae of 4.36 mg/L for p-xylene (TNO 2004), 35 day NOEC for fish of 0.714 mg/L for p-xylene (Noack 2017), 7 day NOEC for invertebrates of 1.17 mg/L for m-xylene (Niederlehner et al. 1998) and 73 hour NOEC for algae of 0.44 mg/L for p-xylene (TNO 2004). All of the acute toxicity values are greater than the screening criteria and the chronic toxicity values are greater than the criteria in Annex XIII of the REACH regulations. Therefore, the xylene isomers are not considered to meet the environmental T criteria.
Conclusion on classification
The lowest 96 hour LC50 for fish is 2.6 mg/L. The lowest 48 hour EC50 for Daphnia magna is 3.82 mg/L. The lowest 72 or 96 hour ErC50 for algae is 3.2 mg/L. These values would not result in a classification for acute hazard to the environment.
However, a 24 hour EC50 for Daphnia magna of 1mg/L is reported for o-xylene. Four other studies are available with Daphnia magna, which report a 48 hour EC50 of 3.82 mg/L (o-xylene), a 48 hour EC50 of >5.3 mg/L (p-xylene data from chronic study), a 24 hour EC50 of 3.6 mg/L (p-xylene) and a 24 hour EC50 of 4.7 mg/L (m-xylene). These studies are all considered valid and are conducted with the same test organism. A geometric mean of 3.2 mg/L has been calculated from these five values. None of the LC or EC50 from the acute ecotoxicity tests conducted with the xylene isomers are less than 1 mg/L and therefore on balance of the data a classification for acute hazard to the environment is not required.
Available data indicate that xylene isomers are readily biodegradable and that they will partition to the air from water, further reducing their potential for exposure. An experimentally determined BCF for mixed xylenes in fish gave a result of 29 L/kg, indicating a low potential for bioaccumulation. Taken together with the acute toxicity results, these results would not result in a classification for chronic hazard to the environment.
However, on 10th March 2011, Commission Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [CLP Regulations] was amended. The new criteria for environmental classification state that if chronic data are available these results should be used to determine the chronic classification. The xylene isomers have a complete chronic data set, with the lowest chronic effect being a 72 hour NOEC of 0.44 mg/L for algae. This results in a chronic Category 3 classification under the CLP Regulations. This has been added as a self classification to the dossier.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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